My research focuses on the interaction between the Earth’s ice sheets and oceans, with a particular emphasis on Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.  There the interaction between ice and ocean occurs mainly beneath the vast floating ice shelves.  I have undertaken fieldwork, both on the ice and aboard ships from which I have deployed autonomous submarines to make observations beneath the ice.  I have also developed numerical models of the critical processes, ranging from relatively simple one-dimensional models to complex Earth System Models.  The ultimate aim of my work is to understand how the ocean drives change in the ice sheet and how that will impact global climate and sea level in the future.