A multi evaporator desalination system operated with thermocline energy for future sustainability

Muhammad Wakil Shahzad*, Muhammad Burhan, Noreddine Ghaffour, Kim Choon Ng

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

59 Citations (Scopus)
30 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

All existing commercial seawater desalination processes, i.e. thermally-driven and membrane-based reverse osmosis (RO), are operated with universal performance ratios (UPR) varying up to 105, whilst the UPR for an ideal or thermodynamic limit (TL) of desalination is at 828. Despite slightly better UPRs for the RO plants, all practical desalination plants available, hitherto, operate at only less than 12% of the TL, rendering them highly energy intensive and unsustainable for future sustainability. More innovative desalination methods must be sought to meet the needs of future sustainable desalination and these methods should attain an upper UPR bound of about 25 to 30% of the TL. In this paper, we examined the efficacy of a multi-effect distillation (MED) system operated with thermocline energy from the sea; a proven desalination technology that can exploit the narrow temperature gradient of 20 °C all year round created between the warm surface seawater and the cold-seawater at depths of about 300–600 m. Such a seawater thermocline (ST)-driven MED system, simply called the ST-MED process, has the potential to achieve up to 2 folds improvement in desalination efficiency over the existing methods, attaining about 18.8% of the ideal limit. With the major energy input emanated from the renewable solar, the ST-MED is truly a “green desalination” method of low global warming potential, best suited for tropical coastal shores having bathymetry depths of 300 m or more.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)268-277
Number of pages10
JournalDesalination
Volume435
Early online date5 May 2017
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jun 2018
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Multi-effect distillation
  • Renewable energy
  • Sustainable desalination
  • Thermocline energy
  • Universal performance ratio

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