A Novel Energy-efficient Health Monitoring System with Electromagnetic-reducing Dual-band Antenna

This work presents a novel energy-efficient health monitoring system equipped with an electromagnetic-reducing dual-band antenna. The system features three adaptive measurement modes to save power consumption, BLE/Wi-Fi communication, a health status display, and real-time alerts. The paper introduces four contributions including: (1) a dual-band wearable antenna operating in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, (2) an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) layer that minimizes interaction between the antenna and the human body, reducing Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values and enhancing performance, (3) a custom-built circuit comprising processing and power management modules, and (4) a dynamic algorithm that adjusts the measurement interval based on the patient's condition. The EBG layer achieves a significant SAR reduction at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, lowering values from 3.51 W/kg to 0.34 W/kg and 2.4 W/kg to 0.43 W/kg, respectively. Unlike traditional systems that rely on fixed monitoring cycles, this device can adaptively adjust its measurement frequency, reducing energy consumption by up to 80.1%. The system was tested and validated across four devices, a gateway, and a Thingsboard platform, achieving an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 3-9 dB compared to commercial counterparts and a system latency of under 50 ms.