TY - JOUR
T1 - A wearable ionic hydrogel strain sensor with double cross-linked network for human machine interface
AU - Wu, Zijian
AU - Zhang, Liying
AU - Wang, Meng
AU - Zang, Defeng
AU - Long, Haiyong
AU - Weng, Ling
AU - Guo, Ning
AU - Gao, Junguo
AU - Liu, Yonghong
AU - Xu, Ben Bin
PY - 2025/2
Y1 - 2025/2
N2 - Wearable strain sensor prepared with ionic conductive hydrogel holds great promises in a variety of engineering fields. In this work, we introduce sodium casein (SC) into a dual network hydrogel system made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide (PAM), to prepare an ionic hydrogel sensor. Compared to the PAM/PVA dual network hydrogel, the introduction of SC plays a significant synergistic role. Such dual network PAM/PVA/SC hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties (a maximum strain of 719%, a maximum stress of 444.3 kPa), low hysteresis, and rapid recovery after uni-axial stretching. Since SC drives a large number of free ions, PAM/PVA/SC hydrogels present good conductivity while maintaining high physical stability, to enable an excellent sensitivity in a comparatively large strain range (Gauge factor, GF = 2.17 under 400% strain). The unique properties allow the generation of stable and accurate electrical signals transduced from different locations of the human body. As such, the PAM/PVA/SC hydrogel has the potential to be used as human–machine interface for continuous, real-time physiological monitoring.
AB - Wearable strain sensor prepared with ionic conductive hydrogel holds great promises in a variety of engineering fields. In this work, we introduce sodium casein (SC) into a dual network hydrogel system made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide (PAM), to prepare an ionic hydrogel sensor. Compared to the PAM/PVA dual network hydrogel, the introduction of SC plays a significant synergistic role. Such dual network PAM/PVA/SC hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties (a maximum strain of 719%, a maximum stress of 444.3 kPa), low hysteresis, and rapid recovery after uni-axial stretching. Since SC drives a large number of free ions, PAM/PVA/SC hydrogels present good conductivity while maintaining high physical stability, to enable an excellent sensitivity in a comparatively large strain range (Gauge factor, GF = 2.17 under 400% strain). The unique properties allow the generation of stable and accurate electrical signals transduced from different locations of the human body. As such, the PAM/PVA/SC hydrogel has the potential to be used as human–machine interface for continuous, real-time physiological monitoring.
KW - Cross-linking
KW - Double network
KW - High repeatability
KW - Ionic hydrogel
KW - Strain sensor
KW - Wearable electronics
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85211336998
U2 - 10.1007/s42114-024-01083-2
DO - 10.1007/s42114-024-01083-2
M3 - Article
SN - 2522-0128
VL - 8
JO - Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
JF - Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
IS - 1
M1 - 17
ER -