Addressing Multiple and Complex Needs: A Scoping Review of Interventions in the UK

Purpose
This scoping review aimed to explore evidence-based interventions for supporting people with multiple and complex needs (MCNs) in the UK and investigate the alignment between academic evidence and practice-based knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic search of academic databases was conducted for studies published from 2014–2024 evaluating interventions for UK populations with at least two complex needs. This was supplemented with a narrative review of grey literature. Data were extracted on study characteristics, interventions and outcomes.

Findings
Thirty academic studies met the inclusion criteria. Most targeted people with criminal justice system experience and mental health issues. Intervention types included psychological therapies, service redesign, peer support and creative approaches. Evidence of effectiveness was limited, with small sample sizes and high attrition rates common. A difference was identified between academic research focusing on discrete interventions and practice-based knowledge emphasising systemic, integrated approaches.

Originality/value
This review explores the different focuses of academic and practice-based knowledge in exploring issues concerning MCNs. It highlights the need for collaborative approaches to knowledge generation, methodological plurality and greater emphasis on studying system-level integration to develop effective interventions for this vulnerable population.