@article{cdce21178e2d4b308192a63a79bb8b93,
title = "Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum",
abstract = "Water-stable isotopes in polar ice cores are a widely used temperature proxy in paleoclimate reconstruction, yet calibration remains challenging in East Antarctica. Here, we reconstruct the magnitude and spatial pattern of Last Glacial Maximum surface cooling in Antarctica using borehole thermometry and firn properties in seven ice cores. West Antarctic sites cooled ~10°C relative to the preindustrial period. East Antarctic sites show a range from ~4° to ~7°C cooling, which is consistent with the results of global climate models when the effects of topographic changes indicated with ice core air-content data are included, but less than those indicated with the use of water-stable isotopes calibrated against modern spatial gradients. An altered Antarctic temperature inversion during the glacial reconciles our estimates with water-isotope observations.",
author = "Christo Buizert and Fudge, {T. J.} and Roberts, {William H.G.} and Steig, {Eric J.} and Sam Sherriff-Tadano and Catherine Ritz and Eric Lefebvre and Jon Edwards and Kenji Kawamura and Ikumi Oyabu and Hideaki Motoyama and Kahle, {Emma C.} and Jones, {Tyler R.} and Ayako Abe-Ouchi and Takashi Obase and Carlos Mart{\'i}n and Hugh Corr and Severinghaus, {Jeffrey P.} and Ross Beaudette and Epifanio, {Jenna A.} and Brook, {Edward J.} and Kaden Martin and Jerome Chappellaz and Shuji Aoki and Takakiyo Nakazawa and Sowers, {Todd A.} and Alley, {Richard B.} and Jinho Ahn and Michael Sigl and Mirko Severi and Dunbar, {Nelia W.} and Anders Svensson and Fegyveresi, {John M.} and Chengfei He and Zhengyu Liu and Jiang Zhu and Otto-Bliesner, {Bette L.} and Lipenkov, {Vladimir Y.} and Masa Kageyama and Jakob Schwander",
note = "Funding: This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (grants 1643394 to C.B.; 1643355 to T.J.F. and E.J.S.; 1602435, 1443105, 1141839, 1043092, 0537930, and 1443105 to E.J.S.; 1443472 and 1643722 to E.J.B.; and 1738934 to R.B.A.); the University of Washington Royalty Research Fund (to T.J.F.); MEXT and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (grant numbers 18749002, 26241011, 15KK0027, 17H06316, and 20H00639 to K.K.; 20H04327 to I.O.; 22310003 to T.N.; and 15J12515, 17H06104, 17H06323, and 20K14552 to A.A.-O.); the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (grants NRF-2018R1A2B3003256 and NRF-2018R1A5A1024958 to J.A.); the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 820047 to M.Si.); IT-MIUR-PNRA (Italian Antarctic Research Program) through the BE-OI (PNRA16_00124) project (to M.Se.); the Villum Investigator Project IceFlow (NR. 16572 to A.S.); Beyond EPICA - Oldest Ice Core EU Coordination and Support Action; measurements at EDC (Concordia Station) were supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV, prog. 902) and the Italian Antarctic Program (PNRA and ENEA). The Talos Dome Ice core Project (TALDICE), a joint European program, is funded by national contributions from Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Primary logistical support was provided by PNRA at Talos Dome. This is TALDICE publication no 59. The CESM project is supported primarily by the NSF. This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is a major facility sponsored by the NSF under cooperative agreement no. 1852977 (B.L.O.-B.). Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (35), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at NCAR (Z.L., C.H., and B.L.O.-B.).",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "4",
doi = "10.1126/science.abd2897",
language = "English",
volume = "372",
pages = "1097--1101",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6546",
}
