Application of VR360 for clinical reasoning development in Occupational Therapy students in handling complex behavioural symptoms in Individuals with Dementia

Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) demands advanced clinical reasoning, yet traditional teaching often falls short. Virtual Reality 360° (VR360) technology offers immersive learning that may strengthen competence in dementia care. This study explored whether occupational therapy (OT) students’ reasoning improved after a VR360 module addressing BPSD such as hoarding, wandering, low mood and daily living challenges. Sixty students (35 female, 25 male; undergraduate and postgraduate) participated. Using a mixed-methods, single-group pre–post design, students completed the Clinical Reasoning Assessment Tool before and after four VR360 scenarios. Large improvements emerged across domains: content (d = 1.94), procedural (d = 2.11) and conceptual (d = 2.08). Qualitative themes highlighted confidence, cue recognition, empathy and personalised care. Findings suggest VR360 is feasible and effective for OT education.