Artificial Intelligence and Security: Transformation and Consistency

What are the dynamics of using artificial intelligence technology in national security? The expansion of the security domains required a rethinking of the "who" and "what" could become a security issue. Digitisation and the rapid development of ICT have led to changes in security. One of the most popular and rapidly developing digital technologies is artificial intelligence (AI). Despite the attention to this technology, little research focuses on HOW technology is entering the security sphere and WHAT changes are taking place in the state's security system. Existing work on artificial intelligence technology in security studies highlights the opportunities, potential risks, and benefits of using the technology. However, it remains unclear what changes are occurring in countries' national security with AI. This study aims to address a specific problem - to offer a well- grounded understanding (and illustration of the dynamics) of the infiltration of artificial intelligence technologies into national security. An empirical model has been developed, tested, and verified for studying changes and assessing the state security system. An empirical model of Security Consistency was implemented in five countries from a comparative perspective (time coverage from 1996 to 2019). The results show that the capabilities of national security systems broaden with the implementation of advanced digital technologies. And these dynamics are non-linear. Despite theoretical concerns, governments have time to assess the risks and benefits of technologies in proportion to the internal features of the security system and, based on this assessment, work on implementation. This research demonstrates that countries lack both "alarming" and exaggerated fears and leniency on technological changes in national security systems.