Balance assessment in neurological conditions

Many neurological conditions result in balance dysfunction, increasing the risk of falls and fall-related injuries in these populations. Compared to more obvious mobility issues such as gait difficulty, balance impairments may be more subtle, requiring sensitive tests to be observable or quantified, particularly at the early stages of these disorders. Being able to detect early signs of balance deficits and slight changes in balance performance is important to allow healthcare professionals to implement appropriate interventions before the manifestation of falls. Moreover, accurate balance assessments enable clinicians and researchers to assess responses to treatment and monitor disease progression. Traditionally, clinical rating scales have been used for these purposes; however, these may have limitations, including floor and ceiling effects, reliance on trained administrators, and lack of ecological validity. Recent technological advancements allow for the objective evaluation of balance with greater sensitivity and increased ease of use. This chapter discusses these technologies, highlighting their clinical significance and potential as digital biomarkers for neurological disorders.