BioKnit Arch: Precision Knit Mycelium BioFabrication

Mycelium biofabrication is emerging as a sustainable alternative to conventional construction materials manufacturing, offering a low-energy biological system that operates at ambient temperature without toxic by-products. Established mycelium biofabrication protocols rely on rigid molds and repeatable units to replace standard components for interiors and linings. Our research explores the potential for mycelium biofabrication to create new design opportunities by considering how growth as construction can transform the look and feel of our built environment. Integrating parametric modelling and 3D knitting with biofabrication combines the unique shaping ability of a permanent knitted formwork with the compressive strength of mycocrete, a mycelium composite formulated specifically for use with textiles. This makes it possible to design and grow complex shapes. This paper presents BioKnit Arch; a 300×200cm slender branching installation for the Future Observatory Gallery at Design Museum London. Findings demonstrate the efficiency and precision afforded by the biohybrid workflow developed to move between parametric modelling, digital fabrication using Shima Seiki knitting technology, large-scale mycocrete injection, and monitored growth. Discussion includes analysis of parameters that impact the formwork development, composite mixing, and controlled growth. The role of moisture is highlighted through the importance of its balance in both the composite and the growth chamber, while the shrinkage as the structure dehydrates is explored alongside the adaptive consideration of fabric extensibility. Conclusions suggest further digital integration for industrial scaling and applications of BioKnit in non-loadbearing architectural applications. The combining of mycelium and textiles offers compelling homogenous organic geometries for new aesthetic and tactile experiences.