Biosafety of a 3D printed intraocular lens made of a poly(acrylamide co sodium acrylate) hydrogel in vitro and in vivo

The biosafety of the poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) hydrogel was first 19 analyzed in vitro using human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the ARPE19 cell line, and a CCK-8 assay was performed to investigate alterations in cell proliferation. A thin film of a poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) hydrogel and a conventional IOL were intraocularly implanted into the eyes of New Zealand white rabbits respectively, and a sham surgery served as control group. The anterior segment photographs, intraocular pressure (IOP), blood parameters and electroretinograms were recorded. Inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor, such as TNF and IL-8, were examined by ELISA. Cell apoptosis of the retina was investigated by TUNEL assay, and macrophage activation was detected by immunostaining.