Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework

Emmanuel Chidiebere Eze; Ernest Effah Ameyaw

doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework

Emmanuel Chidiebere Eze, Ernest Effah Ameyaw

School of Architecture and Built Environment

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects still adopt traditional, paper-based contracting systems that cannot guarantee trust, transparency among project parties, and the immutability of data and project records. These attributes are at the core of strong public and private sector relationships in infrastructure PPP projects delivery, and significantly mitigate the high rate of terminations and failures in PPP contracts. The adoption of Blockchain-enabled Smart Contracts (BSC) has the poten-tial to improve the relationship between stakeholders and PPP project performance. This study leveraged the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) frame-work to assess the factors driving the adoption of smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from global experts. With 97 usable data and a reliability coefficient of 0.923, the gathered data was anal-ysed using the Relative Important Index (RII) and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that technology factors have a greater influence on smart contract adoption decisions, followed by organisational and environmental factors. These factors have a strong and significant impact on the intention to adopt smart contracts in infras-tructure PPP projects. This study contributes to the quest to digitalise infrastructure PPP contracts/projects.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of Tenth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology
Editors	Xin-She Yang, Simon Sherratt, Nilanjan Dey, Amit Joshi
Place of Publication	Singapore
Publisher	Springer
Pages	471-483
Number of pages	13
ISBN (Electronic)	9789819664344
ISBN (Print)	9789819664344
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2025

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Publisher	Springer
Volume	1413
ISSN (Print)	2367-3370
ISSN (Electronic)	2367-3389

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
SDG 17 Partnerships for the Goals

Keywords

Blockchain technology
Smart contracts
Infrastructure projects
PPP
Project failures/terminations
Global experts

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Cite this

Eze, E. C., & Ameyaw, E. E. (2025). Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. In X.-S. Yang, S. Sherratt, N. Dey, & A. Joshi (Eds.), Proceedings of Tenth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology (pp. 471-483). (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems; Vol. 1413). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Eze, Emmanuel Chidiebere ; Ameyaw, Ernest Effah. / Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. Proceedings of Tenth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. editor / Xin-She Yang ; Simon Sherratt ; Nilanjan Dey ; Amit Joshi. Singapore : Springer, 2025. pp. 471-483 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems).

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abstract = "Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects still adopt traditional, paper-based contracting systems that cannot guarantee trust, transparency among project parties, and the immutability of data and project records. These attributes are at the core of strong public and private sector relationships in infrastructure PPP projects delivery, and significantly mitigate the high rate of terminations and failures in PPP contracts. The adoption of Blockchain-enabled Smart Contracts (BSC) has the poten-tial to improve the relationship between stakeholders and PPP project performance. This study leveraged the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) frame-work to assess the factors driving the adoption of smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from global experts. With 97 usable data and a reliability coefficient of 0.923, the gathered data was anal-ysed using the Relative Important Index (RII) and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that technology factors have a greater influence on smart contract adoption decisions, followed by organisational and environmental factors. These factors have a strong and significant impact on the intention to adopt smart contracts in infras-tructure PPP projects. This study contributes to the quest to digitalise infrastructure PPP contracts/projects.",

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Eze, EC & Ameyaw, EE 2025, Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. in X-S Yang, S Sherratt, N Dey & A Joshi (eds), Proceedings of Tenth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 1413, Springer, Singapore, pp. 471-483. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. / Eze, Emmanuel Chidiebere; Ameyaw, Ernest Effah.
Proceedings of Tenth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. ed. / Xin-She Yang; Simon Sherratt; Nilanjan Dey; Amit Joshi. Singapore: Springer, 2025. p. 471-483 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems; Vol. 1413).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

TY - CHAP

T1 - Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework

AU - Eze, Emmanuel Chidiebere

AU - Ameyaw, Ernest Effah

PY - 2025/10/1

Y1 - 2025/10/1

N2 - Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects still adopt traditional, paper-based contracting systems that cannot guarantee trust, transparency among project parties, and the immutability of data and project records. These attributes are at the core of strong public and private sector relationships in infrastructure PPP projects delivery, and significantly mitigate the high rate of terminations and failures in PPP contracts. The adoption of Blockchain-enabled Smart Contracts (BSC) has the poten-tial to improve the relationship between stakeholders and PPP project performance. This study leveraged the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) frame-work to assess the factors driving the adoption of smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from global experts. With 97 usable data and a reliability coefficient of 0.923, the gathered data was anal-ysed using the Relative Important Index (RII) and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that technology factors have a greater influence on smart contract adoption decisions, followed by organisational and environmental factors. These factors have a strong and significant impact on the intention to adopt smart contracts in infras-tructure PPP projects. This study contributes to the quest to digitalise infrastructure PPP contracts/projects.

AB - Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects still adopt traditional, paper-based contracting systems that cannot guarantee trust, transparency among project parties, and the immutability of data and project records. These attributes are at the core of strong public and private sector relationships in infrastructure PPP projects delivery, and significantly mitigate the high rate of terminations and failures in PPP contracts. The adoption of Blockchain-enabled Smart Contracts (BSC) has the poten-tial to improve the relationship between stakeholders and PPP project performance. This study leveraged the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) frame-work to assess the factors driving the adoption of smart contracts in infrastructure PPP projects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from global experts. With 97 usable data and a reliability coefficient of 0.923, the gathered data was anal-ysed using the Relative Important Index (RII) and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that technology factors have a greater influence on smart contract adoption decisions, followed by organisational and environmental factors. These factors have a strong and significant impact on the intention to adopt smart contracts in infras-tructure PPP projects. This study contributes to the quest to digitalise infrastructure PPP contracts/projects.

KW - Blockchain technology

KW - Smart contracts

KW - Infrastructure projects

KW - PPP

KW - Project failures/terminations

KW - Global experts

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M3 - Chapter

SN - 9789819664344

T3 - Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

SP - 471

EP - 483

BT - Proceedings of Tenth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology

A2 - Yang, Xin-She

A2 - Sherratt, Simon

A2 - Dey, Nilanjan

A2 - Joshi, Amit

PB - Springer

CY - Singapore

ER -

Eze EC, Ameyaw EE. Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework. In Yang XS, Sherratt S, Dey N, Joshi A, editors, Proceedings of Tenth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. Singapore: Springer. 2025. p. 471-483. (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems). doi: 10.1007/978-981-96-6435-1_37

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contract Adoption in Infrastructure PPP Projects: Understanding the Driving Forces Within the TOE Framework

Abstract

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UN SDGs

Keywords

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