Can motivational behaviours be trained online? Acceptability and effectiveness of a self-determination theory-based interaction training for physical activity professionals

Background: Motivating interaction by physical activity professionals result in stronger, more high-quality motivation and sustained health behaviours. However, professionals often encounter difficulties in adopting and sustaining motivating behaviours and existing training studies have failed to show long-lasting effects. This may be due to inadequate examination of intervention acceptability (e.g. perceived effectiveness, burden). Secondly, trainings so far have underused behaviour science, although systematic use of such understanding and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) such as habit-theory based strategies might efficiently improve interaction styles.

Research questions: We examined whether the novel MotiStyleSport intervention is acceptable among health care professionals, physical education teachers and sport coaches (pre-registered hypothesis), and their BCT enactment. We also explored the uptake of motivating behaviours, and pre-post changes in (de)motivating styles.

Methods: In a one-arm feasibility study, participants (n=145) attended six two-hour online sessions in multiprofessional groups and filled in online surveys at baseline, mid-intervention and post-intervention.

Results: The intervention (overall training, sessions, homework, workbook, peer support, multiprofessionality, online delivery) was highly acceptable among all professional groups. BCT enactment varied, ranging from the least enacted BCT social support (8.3%) to the most enacted BCTobtaining information about antecedents (96.3%). Approximately 90% reported practising the most popular interaction techniques (open questions, reflective listening and displaying appreciation and acceptance). Statistically significant improvements in desired directions were detected in (de)motivating styles within all professional groups.

Discussion: This study provided evidence for acceptability of MotiStyleSport intervention. Incorporating a range of BCTs, has potential to improve interaction trainings.