Communication experiences of Deaf/Hard of Hearing Patients during healthcare access and consultation: A systematic narrative review

Deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals face significant communication barriers in accessing healthcare services, leading to misunderstandings, misdiagnoses and experiences of marginalisation and discrimination. This study aims to explore these challenges and identify areas for improvement. A systematic narrative review was conducted, involving a comprehensive search and thematic synthesis of data from six electronic databases, including studies up to November 2023. Twenty-two studies were identified (15 qualitative, four quantitative and three mixed methods). Two main themes were generated: challenges related to the role of the interpreter and the need to shift cultural competence. These themes are composed of six subcategories: preferred style of communication, lack of access and continuity of care, trust, disconnected language, disempowerment and misinformation leading to health consequences. The study highlights the importance of considering the unique needs of deaf and hard-of-hearing patients in healthcare environments and promoting cultural competence and effective communication to improve healthcare accessibility and outcomes.