Current distribution of non-native bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on the Faroe Islands including the first records of three recent arrivals

Three new non-native bumblebee species, Bombus hortorum, Bombus hypnorum and Bombus 20 terrestris, have been recorded on the Faroe Islands for the first time. Previous literature 21 reported only the presence of Bombus lapponicus, Bombus lucorum and Bombus pratorum. A 22 combination of records from 2007 to 2024 have been utilised to explore and update the 23 distributions of each species of bumblebee now present. Whilst B. lucorum has continuously 24 spread through most of the islands, B. pratorum, B. hortorum and B. hypnorum have 25 remained localised with limited range increase. The confirmation of an individual B. 26 terrestris is discussed with respect to misidentifications. B. lapponicus is considered no 27 longer present on the islands. These updated distributions provide initial data to understand 28 the ongoing colonisation of these bumblebee species, the potential for further establishments 29 or range expansions, and will help to determine their invasive potential in the future.