Defining the Traditional Mediterranean Lifestyle: Joint International Consensus Statement

Labros S. Sidossis*, Rob Lawson, Emmanuel Aprilakis, Bernardo C. Barata, Alicja Baska, Anastasia Beneka, Robert Bird, Fraser Birrell, Charistoula Chatzinikola, Maria Chondronikola, George P. Chrousos, Russell Conduit, Constantina Constantinou, Barbora de Courten, Jelena Helene Cvejic, Andrew M. Davis, Christiana A. Demetriou, Linda Errington, Jack Feehan, Catalina FigueroaMary M. Flynn, Beth Frates, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Leonidas G. Karagounis, Leila Karimi, Gerard A. Kennedy, Ourania Kolokotroni, Darinka Korovljev, Antigone Kouris‐Blazos, Mehdi Kushkestani, Tassos C. Kyriakides, Emanuela Mercore Hutanu, Maria Cecilia Mosquera, Elena Nikiphorou, Nicola O'Brien, Elena Philippou, Karolina Piątek, Simon Poole, Dana Popescu‐Spineni, Sue Radd‐Vagenas, Amalia Sidossis, Magdalena Simonis, Helen Soultanakis, Aleksandra Telinga, Audrey Tierney, Anna Tkacz, Dimitris Vlachopoulos, Gulnur Yaman‐Dent, Yang Yap, Zoe Zervides, Catherine Itsiopoulos

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: The term “Mediterranean lifestyle” has gained increasing prominence in recent years, yet a specific definition remains elusive. In response, the Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute Board of Directors convened a multidisciplinary panel comprising international experts and leaders in lifestyle medicine. Their goal was to review existing literature and formulate a consensus definition of the “traditional Mediterranean lifestyle (tMedL),” referring to the historical way of living of the people in the Mediterranean region. This paper presents the agreed consensus statement and a comprehensive holistic definition of the term “traditional Mediterranean lifestyle.” Methods: Major medical and social sciences electronic databases from inception to February 2023 were searched, employing keywords relevant to the Mediterranean lifestyle and its constituent elements (diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, socialization). Subsequently, definitions for each pillar were created and synthesized to derive a comprehensive definition of the “traditional Mediterranean lifestyle.” Results: This proposed definition received ratification from the Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute's expert working group during the First International Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Conference held in June 2023 on the island of Leros, Greece. “The traditional Mediterranean lifestyle is characterized by its diverse and adaptable nature. Key facets encompass conviviality, lifelong social connectedness, purposeful living, strong community and familial bonds, harmony with nature and the environment, profound spirituality, adherence to religious practices, preservation of local customs, resilience cultivated through adversity, and a commitment to moderation across all spheres of life.” Conclusions: This definition comprehensively outlines the primary lifestyle factors ingrained in Mediterranean inhabitants across generations. Its holistic nature furnishes a crucial conceptual framework for directing lifestyle medicine practitioners in assisting patients to mitigate diseases, promote overall well‐being, devise research initiatives to investigate the health ramifications of this lifestyle, and inform curriculum development.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbere115
Number of pages13
JournalLifestyle Medicine
Volume5
Issue number4
Early online date16 Aug 2024
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 16 Aug 2024

Keywords

  • exercise
  • sleep pattern
  • social/emotional support
  • lifestyle choices
  • diet

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