Digit ratio (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone, oestradiol and cortisol levels under challenge: Evidence for prenatal effects on adult endocrine responses

Blair Crewther, Christian Cook, Liam Kilduff, John Manning

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

43 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background - Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a marker for prenatal sex steroids and a correlate of sporting performance. This association may exist because low 2D:4D is linked to high prenatal levels of testosterone (T) and low oestrogens (E). It was recently suggested that low 2D:4D, and particularly low right-left 2D:4D (or Dr-l), is a marker for T changes in response to physical and aggressive challenges. If correct, this link may in part explain the association between 2D:4D and sports performance. Study design - Three experimental treatments were completed using a randomised, cross-over design; (i) cycle sprints plus an aggressive video (S + V), (ii) aggressive video plus cycle sprints (V + S), and (iii) a control session. Results - The S + V treatment was associated with a rise in T and C levels, and Dr-l was significantly and negatively correlated with T and E2 with these effects confined to men. The right 2D:4D and Dr-l were also negatively correlated with the T/C ratio and Dr-l negatively related to the E2/C ratio in men during the S + V treatment. Conclusions We suggest that the hormonal responses to a challenge are programmed by prenatal levels of T and E with possible links to sporting performance in adulthood.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)451-456
JournalEarly Human Development
Volume91
Issue number8
Early online date26 May 2015
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Aug 2015

Keywords

  • Testosterone
  • Oestrogens
  • Development
  • Stress
  • Exercise

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