Discovery of multi-temperature coronal mass ejection signatures from a young solar analogue

Kosuke Namekata; Kevin France; Jongchul Chae; Vladimir S. Airapetian; Adam Kowalski; Yuta Notsu; Peter R. Young; Satoshi Honda; Soosang Kang; Juhyung Kang; Kyeore Lee; Hiroyuki Maehara; Kyoung Sun Lee; Cole Tamburri; Tomohito Ohshima; Masaki Takayama; Kazunari Shibata

doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02691-8

Discovery of multi-temperature coronal mass ejection signatures from a young solar analogue

Kosuke Namekata^*, Kevin France, Jongchul Chae, Vladimir S. Airapetian, Adam Kowalski, Yuta Notsu, Peter R. Young, Satoshi Honda, Soosang Kang, Juhyung Kang, Kyeore Lee, Hiroyuki Maehara, Kyoung Sun Lee, Cole Tamburri, Tomohito Ohshima, Masaki Takayama, Kazunari Shibata

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on the early Sun may have profoundly influenced the planetary atmospheres of early Solar System planets. Flaring young solar analogues serve as excellent proxies for probing the plasma environment of the young Sun, yet their CMEs remain poorly understood. Here we report the detection of multi-wavelength Doppler shifts of the far-ultraviolet and optical lines during a flare on the young solar analogue EK Draconis. During and before a Carrington-class (~10³² erg) flare, warm far-ultraviolet lines (~10⁵ K) exhibited blueshifted emission at 300–550 km s⁻¹, indicative of a warm eruption. Then, 10 min later, the Hα line showed slow (70 km s⁻¹), long-lasting (≳2 h) blueshifted absorptions, indicating a cool (~10⁴ K) filament eruption. This provides evidence of the multi-temperature and multi-component nature of a stellar CME. If Carrington-class flares or CMEs occurred frequently on the young Sun, they may have cumulatively impacted the early Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere.

Original language	English
Number of pages	21
Journal	Nature Astronomy
Early online date	27 Oct 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02691-8
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 27 Oct 2025
Externally published	Yes

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s41550-025-02691-8Final published version, 8.23 MBLicence: CC BY

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Namekata, K., France, K., Chae, J., Airapetian, V. S., Kowalski, A., Notsu, Y., Young, P. R., Honda, S., Kang, S., Kang, J., Lee, K., Maehara, H., Lee, K. S., Tamburri, C., Ohshima, T., Takayama, M., & Shibata, K. (2025). Discovery of multi-temperature coronal mass ejection signatures from a young solar analogue. Nature Astronomy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02691-8

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title = "Discovery of multi-temperature coronal mass ejection signatures from a young solar analogue",

abstract = "Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on the early Sun may have profoundly influenced the planetary atmospheres of early Solar System planets. Flaring young solar analogues serve as excellent proxies for probing the plasma environment of the young Sun, yet their CMEs remain poorly understood. Here we report the detection of multi-wavelength Doppler shifts of the far-ultraviolet and optical lines during a flare on the young solar analogue EK Draconis. During and before a Carrington-class (\textasciitilde{}1032 erg) flare, warm far-ultraviolet lines (\textasciitilde{}105 K) exhibited blueshifted emission at 300–550 km s−1, indicative of a warm eruption. Then, 10 min later, the Hα line showed slow (70 km s−1), long-lasting (≳2 h) blueshifted absorptions, indicating a cool (\textasciitilde{}104 K) filament eruption. This provides evidence of the multi-temperature and multi-component nature of a stellar CME. If Carrington-class flares or CMEs occurred frequently on the young Sun, they may have cumulatively impacted the early Earth{\textquoteright}s magnetosphere and atmosphere.",

author = "Kosuke Namekata and Kevin France and Jongchul Chae and Airapetian, \{Vladimir S.\} and Adam Kowalski and Yuta Notsu and Young, \{Peter R.\} and Satoshi Honda and Soosang Kang and Juhyung Kang and Kyeore Lee and Hiroyuki Maehara and Lee, \{Kyoung Sun\} and Cole Tamburri and Tomohito Ohshima and Masaki Takayama and Kazunari Shibata",

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T1 - Discovery of multi-temperature coronal mass ejection signatures from a young solar analogue

AU - Namekata, Kosuke

AU - France, Kevin

AU - Chae, Jongchul

AU - Airapetian, Vladimir S.

AU - Kowalski, Adam

AU - Notsu, Yuta

AU - Young, Peter R.

AU - Honda, Satoshi

AU - Kang, Soosang

AU - Kang, Juhyung

AU - Lee, Kyeore

AU - Maehara, Hiroyuki

AU - Lee, Kyoung Sun

AU - Tamburri, Cole

AU - Ohshima, Tomohito

AU - Takayama, Masaki

AU - Shibata, Kazunari

PY - 2025/10/27

Y1 - 2025/10/27

N2 - Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on the early Sun may have profoundly influenced the planetary atmospheres of early Solar System planets. Flaring young solar analogues serve as excellent proxies for probing the plasma environment of the young Sun, yet their CMEs remain poorly understood. Here we report the detection of multi-wavelength Doppler shifts of the far-ultraviolet and optical lines during a flare on the young solar analogue EK Draconis. During and before a Carrington-class (~1032 erg) flare, warm far-ultraviolet lines (~105 K) exhibited blueshifted emission at 300–550 km s−1, indicative of a warm eruption. Then, 10 min later, the Hα line showed slow (70 km s−1), long-lasting (≳2 h) blueshifted absorptions, indicating a cool (~104 K) filament eruption. This provides evidence of the multi-temperature and multi-component nature of a stellar CME. If Carrington-class flares or CMEs occurred frequently on the young Sun, they may have cumulatively impacted the early Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere.

AB - Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on the early Sun may have profoundly influenced the planetary atmospheres of early Solar System planets. Flaring young solar analogues serve as excellent proxies for probing the plasma environment of the young Sun, yet their CMEs remain poorly understood. Here we report the detection of multi-wavelength Doppler shifts of the far-ultraviolet and optical lines during a flare on the young solar analogue EK Draconis. During and before a Carrington-class (~1032 erg) flare, warm far-ultraviolet lines (~105 K) exhibited blueshifted emission at 300–550 km s−1, indicative of a warm eruption. Then, 10 min later, the Hα line showed slow (70 km s−1), long-lasting (≳2 h) blueshifted absorptions, indicating a cool (~104 K) filament eruption. This provides evidence of the multi-temperature and multi-component nature of a stellar CME. If Carrington-class flares or CMEs occurred frequently on the young Sun, they may have cumulatively impacted the early Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019982823

U2 - 10.1038/s41550-025-02691-8

DO - 10.1038/s41550-025-02691-8

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105019982823

SN - 2397-3366

JO - Nature Astronomy

JF - Nature Astronomy

ER -

Discovery of multi-temperature coronal mass ejection signatures from a young solar analogue

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