Dynamic Pricing and Control for EV Charging Stations with Solar Generation

Mónica Hernández Cedillo; Hongjian Sun; Jing Jiang; Yue Cao

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119920

Dynamic Pricing and Control for EV Charging Stations with Solar Generation

Mónica Hernández Cedillo, Hongjian Sun^*, Jing Jiang, Yue Cao

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

52 Citations (Scopus)

302 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Demand response is one of the most promising tools for smart grids to integrate more renewable energy sources. One critical challenge to overcome is how to establish pricing and control strategies for integrating more electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a dynamic optimal operation of a solar-powered EV charging station where onsite solar generation, number of EVs in the system, historical EV response to price, EV technical specifications and EV driving behaviour vary. A bi-level optimisation approach is proposed, where pricing tariffs ensure an economic and price responsive operation, then EV charging schedules are computed for energy bidding capacity to provide balancing services. Simulations are conduced to evaluate the performance of unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging at different charging speeds and demand elasticity. Results demonstrate the potential of extra revenue streams coming from the participation in energy markets compared to that of EV charging alone. Additionally, limitations of energy bidding with battery size, trip requirements and charging ratings are discussed to show insights into the operation of charging stations.

Original language	English
Article number	119920
Number of pages	11
Journal	Applied Energy
Volume	326
Early online date	14 Sept 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119920
Publication status	Published - 15 Nov 2022

Keywords

Demand response
EV charging
Optimisation
Renewable energy
Smart grid

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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1-s2.0-S0306261922011771-mainFinal published version, 2.3 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Dynamic Pricing and Control for EV Charging Stations with Solar Generation",

abstract = "Demand response is one of the most promising tools for smart grids to integrate more renewable energy sources. One critical challenge to overcome is how to establish pricing and control strategies for integrating more electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a dynamic optimal operation of a solar-powered EV charging station where onsite solar generation, number of EVs in the system, historical EV response to price, EV technical specifications and EV driving behaviour vary. A bi-level optimisation approach is proposed, where pricing tariffs ensure an economic and price responsive operation, then EV charging schedules are computed for energy bidding capacity to provide balancing services. Simulations are conduced to evaluate the performance of unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging at different charging speeds and demand elasticity. Results demonstrate the potential of extra revenue streams coming from the participation in energy markets compared to that of EV charging alone. Additionally, limitations of energy bidding with battery size, trip requirements and charging ratings are discussed to show insights into the operation of charging stations.",

keywords = "Demand response, EV charging, Optimisation, Renewable energy, Smart grid",

author = "\{Hern{\'a}ndez Cedillo\}, M{\'o}nica and Hongjian Sun and Jing Jiang and Yue Cao",

note = "Funding information: The authors would like to thank CONACYT, Mexican National Council for Science and Technology for providing studentship for this research work, and also thank EA Technology for providing useful raw data from real EV charging projects. This work was supported by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 872172 TESTBED2 project.",

year = "2022",

month = nov,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119920",

language = "English",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Dynamic Pricing and Control for EV Charging Stations with Solar Generation

AU - Hernández Cedillo, Mónica

AU - Sun, Hongjian

AU - Jiang, Jing

AU - Cao, Yue

N1 - Funding information: The authors would like to thank CONACYT, Mexican National Council for Science and Technology for providing studentship for this research work, and also thank EA Technology for providing useful raw data from real EV charging projects. This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 872172 TESTBED2 project.

PY - 2022/11/15

Y1 - 2022/11/15

N2 - Demand response is one of the most promising tools for smart grids to integrate more renewable energy sources. One critical challenge to overcome is how to establish pricing and control strategies for integrating more electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a dynamic optimal operation of a solar-powered EV charging station where onsite solar generation, number of EVs in the system, historical EV response to price, EV technical specifications and EV driving behaviour vary. A bi-level optimisation approach is proposed, where pricing tariffs ensure an economic and price responsive operation, then EV charging schedules are computed for energy bidding capacity to provide balancing services. Simulations are conduced to evaluate the performance of unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging at different charging speeds and demand elasticity. Results demonstrate the potential of extra revenue streams coming from the participation in energy markets compared to that of EV charging alone. Additionally, limitations of energy bidding with battery size, trip requirements and charging ratings are discussed to show insights into the operation of charging stations.

AB - Demand response is one of the most promising tools for smart grids to integrate more renewable energy sources. One critical challenge to overcome is how to establish pricing and control strategies for integrating more electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a dynamic optimal operation of a solar-powered EV charging station where onsite solar generation, number of EVs in the system, historical EV response to price, EV technical specifications and EV driving behaviour vary. A bi-level optimisation approach is proposed, where pricing tariffs ensure an economic and price responsive operation, then EV charging schedules are computed for energy bidding capacity to provide balancing services. Simulations are conduced to evaluate the performance of unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging at different charging speeds and demand elasticity. Results demonstrate the potential of extra revenue streams coming from the participation in energy markets compared to that of EV charging alone. Additionally, limitations of energy bidding with battery size, trip requirements and charging ratings are discussed to show insights into the operation of charging stations.

KW - Demand response

KW - EV charging

KW - Optimisation

KW - Renewable energy

KW - Smart grid

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U2 - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119920

DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119920

M3 - Article

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VL - 326

JO - Applied Energy

JF - Applied Energy

M1 - 119920

ER -

Dynamic Pricing and Control for EV Charging Stations with Solar Generation

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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