Effective Leadership as a Human Resource Capacity in Joint Venture Management.

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Form 5X (MLQ5X) is used to study leadership across two large sample groups from the People's Republic of China and Australia. Understanding leadership across cultures is a significant dimension of the human resource capacity of effective international businesses. Both transformational and transactional attributes feature as influencing factors in Extra Effort, Effectiveness and Satisfaction across both cultural sample groups. While the transactional dimension of Contingent Reward is deemed significant, it is not as significant as transformational attributes aligned with critical thinking, empowerment, challenging workplaces in increasing positive outcomes associated with effective leadership behaviour.