TY - JOUR
T1 - Elevated temperature ablation mechanisms of Cu@rGO/CuW nanocomposites under oxyacetylene torch flame
AU - Dong, Longlong
AU - Tang, Yan
AU - Li, Xiang
AU - Zhang, Shuang
AU - Zhang, Wei
AU - Fu, Yongqing
AU - Elmarakbi, Ahmed
AU - Zhang, Yusheng
N1 - Funding information: The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51901192), and Capital Projects of Financial Department of Shaanxi Province (No. YK22C-12).
PY - 2023/11
Y1 - 2023/11
N2 - Copper-tungsten (CuW) composites have been explored in throat lining applications for the rudders and nozzles in the rocket motors, hence it is crucial to investigate their high-temperature ablation behaviors and the corresponding failure mechanisms. Herein, xCu modified reduced graphene oxide reinforced CuW (named as Cu@rGO/CuW) composites (x = 0, 1, 3 and 5 wt%) were fabricated using spark plasma sintering to evaluate their ablation resistances under an oxyacetylene torch flame and to improve their high temperature ablation resistance with in-situ formed tungsten carbides (WC and W2C) during sintering. The composite's surface after ablation can be clearly divided into two regions, i.e., central erosion region and edge transitional region. The ablation products were mainly consisted of WO3, CuWO4 and WC phases. The mass ablation rate and linear ablation rate of 3 wt% Cu@rGO/CuW composite were 0.015 g/s and 0.0023 mm/s, which are 0.25 and 0.3 times smaller than those of the monolithic CuW alloy, respectively. The superior elevated temperature ablation resistance of the composites was attributed to transpiration cooling of Cu and WO3, heat consumptions of the remained Cu@rGO with a high thermal conductivity, and in-situ formation of WC or W2C particles with high melting points. The key failure mechanisms of the Cu@rGO/CuW composites during ablation process with high temperature are thermo-chemical oxidation and thermo-mechanical ablation of oxides such as WO3, Cu2O and CuWO4.
AB - Copper-tungsten (CuW) composites have been explored in throat lining applications for the rudders and nozzles in the rocket motors, hence it is crucial to investigate their high-temperature ablation behaviors and the corresponding failure mechanisms. Herein, xCu modified reduced graphene oxide reinforced CuW (named as Cu@rGO/CuW) composites (x = 0, 1, 3 and 5 wt%) were fabricated using spark plasma sintering to evaluate their ablation resistances under an oxyacetylene torch flame and to improve their high temperature ablation resistance with in-situ formed tungsten carbides (WC and W2C) during sintering. The composite's surface after ablation can be clearly divided into two regions, i.e., central erosion region and edge transitional region. The ablation products were mainly consisted of WO3, CuWO4 and WC phases. The mass ablation rate and linear ablation rate of 3 wt% Cu@rGO/CuW composite were 0.015 g/s and 0.0023 mm/s, which are 0.25 and 0.3 times smaller than those of the monolithic CuW alloy, respectively. The superior elevated temperature ablation resistance of the composites was attributed to transpiration cooling of Cu and WO3, heat consumptions of the remained Cu@rGO with a high thermal conductivity, and in-situ formation of WC or W2C particles with high melting points. The key failure mechanisms of the Cu@rGO/CuW composites during ablation process with high temperature are thermo-chemical oxidation and thermo-mechanical ablation of oxides such as WO3, Cu2O and CuWO4.
KW - Cu@rGO nano-powders
KW - CuW composites
KW - High temperature ablation
KW - Spark plasma sintering
KW - Failure mechanisms
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85177841935&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.11.158
DO - 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.11.158
M3 - Article
SN - 2238-7854
VL - 27
SP - 6709
EP - 6718
JO - Journal of Materials Research and Technology
JF - Journal of Materials Research and Technology
ER -