Epidemic multiple drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium causing invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa have a distinct genotype

Robert Kingsley, Chisomo Msefula, Nicholas Thomson, Samuel Kariuki, Kathryn Holt, Melita Gordon, David Harris, Louise Clarke, Sally Whitehead, Vartul Sangal, Kevin Marsh, Mark Achtman, Malcolm Molyneux, Martin Cormican, Julian Parkhill, Calman MacLennan, Robert Heyderman, Gordon Dougan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

443 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Whereas most nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are associated with gastroenteritis, there has been a dramatic increase in reports of NTS-associated invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates are responsible for a significant proportion of the reported invasive NTS in this region. Multilocus sequence analysis of invasive S. Typhimurium from Malawi and Kenya identified a dominant type, designated ST313, which currently is rarely reported outside of Africa. Whole-genome sequencing of a multiple drug resistant (MDR) ST313 NTS isolate, D23580, identified a distinct prophage repertoire and a composite genetic element encoding MDR genes located on a virulence-associated plasmid. Further, there was evidence of genome degradation, including pseudogene formation and chromosomal deletions, when compared with other S. Typhimurium genome sequences. Some of this genome degradation involved genes previously implicated in virulence of S. Typhimurium or genes for which the orthologs in S. Typhi are either pseudogenes or are absent. Genome analysis of other epidemic ST313 isolates from Malawi and Kenya provided evidence for microevolution and clonal replacement in the field.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2279-2287
JournalGenome Research
Volume19
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2009

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