Gait and Balance in Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 allele carriers in older adults and Parkinson’s disease

Rosie Morris; Douglas N. Martini; Valerie E. Kelly; Katrijn Smulders; Katrina Ramsey; Amie Hiller; Kathryn A. Chung; Shu-Ching Hu; Cyrus P. Zabetian; Kathleen L. Poston; Ignacio F. Mata; Karen L. Edwards; Jodi Lapidus; Brenna Cholerton; Thomas J. Montine; Joseph F Quinn; Fay B. Horak

doi:10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100201

Gait and Balance in Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 allele carriers in older adults and Parkinson’s disease

Rosie Morris^*, Douglas N. Martini, Valerie E. Kelly, Katrijn Smulders, Katrina Ramsey, Amie Hiller, Kathryn A. Chung, Shu-Ching Hu, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Kathleen L. Poston, Ignacio F. Mata, Karen L. Edwards, Jodi Lapidus, Brenna Cholerton, Thomas J. Montine, Joseph F Quinn, Fay B. Horak^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Department

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background
Gait and balance impairments are among the most troublesome and heterogeneous in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This heterogeneity may, in part, reflect genetic variation. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has three major allelic variants (ε2, ε3 and ε4). Previous work has demonstrated that older adult (OA) APOE ε4 carriers demonstrate gait deficits. This study compared gait and balance measures between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in both OA and PD.

Methods
334 people with PD (81 APOE ε4 carriers and 253 non-carriers) and 144 OA (41 carriers and 103 non-carriers) were recruited. Gait and balance were assessed using body-worn inertial sensors. Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) compared gait and balance characteristics between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in people with PD and OA, controlling for age, gender, and testing site.

Results
Gait and balance were worse in people with PD compared to OA. However, there were no differences between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either the OA or PD group. In addition, there were no significant group (OA/PD) by APOE ε4 status (carrier/non-carrier) interaction effects for any measures of gait or balance.

Conclusions
Although we found expected impairments in gait and balance in PD compared to OA, gait and balance characteristics did not differ between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either group. While APOE status did not impact gait and balance in this cross-sectional study, future work is needed to determine whether progression of gait and balance deficits is faster in PD APOE Ɛ4 carriers.

Original language	English
Article number	100201
Journal	Clinical Parkinsonism and Related Disorders
Volume	9
Early online date	17 May 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100201
Publication status	Published - 22 May 2023

Keywords

APOE
Balance
Gait
Older adults
Parkinson's disease

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1-s2.0-S2590112523000191-mainAccepted author manuscript, 928 KBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND
1-s2.0-S2590112523000191-mainFinal published version, 3.88 MBLicence: CC BY

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Morris, R., Martini, D. N., Kelly, V. E., Smulders, K., Ramsey, K., Hiller, A., Chung, K. A., Hu, S.-C., Zabetian, C. P., Poston, K. L., Mata, I. F., Edwards, K. L., Lapidus, J., Cholerton, B., Montine, T. J., Quinn, J. F., & Horak, F. B. (2023). Gait and Balance in Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 allele carriers in older adults and Parkinson’s disease. Clinical Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 9, Article 100201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100201

@article{63f1dcd2d06d4dd0a9735f469f24a1c8,

title = "Gait and Balance in Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 allele carriers in older adults and Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease",

abstract = "BackgroundGait and balance impairments are among the most troublesome and heterogeneous in Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease (PD). This heterogeneity may, in part, reflect genetic variation. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has three major allelic variants (ε2, ε3 and ε4). Previous work has demonstrated that older adult (OA) APOE ε4 carriers demonstrate gait deficits. This study compared gait and balance measures between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in both OA and PD.Methods334 people with PD (81 APOE ε4 carriers and 253 non-carriers) and 144 OA (41 carriers and 103 non-carriers) were recruited. Gait and balance were assessed using body-worn inertial sensors. Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) compared gait and balance characteristics between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in people with PD and OA, controlling for age, gender, and testing site.ResultsGait and balance were worse in people with PD compared to OA. However, there were no differences between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either the OA or PD group. In addition, there were no significant group (OA/PD) by APOE ε4 status (carrier/non-carrier) interaction effects for any measures of gait or balance.ConclusionsAlthough we found expected impairments in gait and balance in PD compared to OA, gait and balance characteristics did not differ between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either group. While APOE status did not impact gait and balance in this cross-sectional study, future work is needed to determine whether progression of gait and balance deficits is faster in PD APOE Ɛ4 carriers.",

keywords = "APOE, Balance, Gait, Older adults, Parkinson's disease",

author = "Rosie Morris and Martini, {Douglas N.} and Kelly, {Valerie E.} and Katrijn Smulders and Katrina Ramsey and Amie Hiller and Chung, {Kathryn A.} and Shu-Ching Hu and Zabetian, {Cyrus P.} and Poston, {Kathleen L.} and Mata, {Ignacio F.} and Edwards, {Karen L.} and Jodi Lapidus and Brenna Cholerton and Montine, {Thomas J.} and Quinn, {Joseph F} and Horak, {Fay B.}",

note = "Funding information: This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Pacific Udall Center; P50 NS062684) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (101 CX001702), and by infrastructure provided by the Veterans Affairs Northwest Parkinson{\textquoteright}s Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center. This publication was made possible with support from the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI), grant number UL1TR002369 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.",

year = "2023",

month = may,

day = "22",

doi = "10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100201",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

journal = "Clinical Parkinsonism and Related Disorders",

issn = "2590-1125",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Morris, R, Martini, DN, Kelly, VE, Smulders, K, Ramsey, K, Hiller, A, Chung, KA, Hu, S-C, Zabetian, CP, Poston, KL, Mata, IF, Edwards, KL, Lapidus, J, Cholerton, B, Montine, TJ, Quinn, JF & Horak, FB 2023, 'Gait and Balance in Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 allele carriers in older adults and Parkinson’s disease', Clinical Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, vol. 9, 100201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100201

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gait and Balance in Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 allele carriers in older adults and Parkinson’s disease

AU - Morris, Rosie

AU - Martini, Douglas N.

AU - Kelly, Valerie E.

AU - Smulders, Katrijn

AU - Ramsey, Katrina

AU - Hiller, Amie

AU - Chung, Kathryn A.

AU - Hu, Shu-Ching

AU - Zabetian, Cyrus P.

AU - Poston, Kathleen L.

AU - Mata, Ignacio F.

AU - Edwards, Karen L.

AU - Lapidus, Jodi

AU - Cholerton, Brenna

AU - Montine, Thomas J.

AU - Quinn, Joseph F

AU - Horak, Fay B.

N1 - Funding information: This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Pacific Udall Center; P50 NS062684) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (101 CX001702), and by infrastructure provided by the Veterans Affairs Northwest Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center. This publication was made possible with support from the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI), grant number UL1TR002369 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.

PY - 2023/5/22

Y1 - 2023/5/22

N2 - BackgroundGait and balance impairments are among the most troublesome and heterogeneous in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This heterogeneity may, in part, reflect genetic variation. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has three major allelic variants (ε2, ε3 and ε4). Previous work has demonstrated that older adult (OA) APOE ε4 carriers demonstrate gait deficits. This study compared gait and balance measures between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in both OA and PD.Methods334 people with PD (81 APOE ε4 carriers and 253 non-carriers) and 144 OA (41 carriers and 103 non-carriers) were recruited. Gait and balance were assessed using body-worn inertial sensors. Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) compared gait and balance characteristics between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in people with PD and OA, controlling for age, gender, and testing site.ResultsGait and balance were worse in people with PD compared to OA. However, there were no differences between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either the OA or PD group. In addition, there were no significant group (OA/PD) by APOE ε4 status (carrier/non-carrier) interaction effects for any measures of gait or balance.ConclusionsAlthough we found expected impairments in gait and balance in PD compared to OA, gait and balance characteristics did not differ between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either group. While APOE status did not impact gait and balance in this cross-sectional study, future work is needed to determine whether progression of gait and balance deficits is faster in PD APOE Ɛ4 carriers.

AB - BackgroundGait and balance impairments are among the most troublesome and heterogeneous in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This heterogeneity may, in part, reflect genetic variation. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has three major allelic variants (ε2, ε3 and ε4). Previous work has demonstrated that older adult (OA) APOE ε4 carriers demonstrate gait deficits. This study compared gait and balance measures between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in both OA and PD.Methods334 people with PD (81 APOE ε4 carriers and 253 non-carriers) and 144 OA (41 carriers and 103 non-carriers) were recruited. Gait and balance were assessed using body-worn inertial sensors. Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) compared gait and balance characteristics between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in people with PD and OA, controlling for age, gender, and testing site.ResultsGait and balance were worse in people with PD compared to OA. However, there were no differences between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either the OA or PD group. In addition, there were no significant group (OA/PD) by APOE ε4 status (carrier/non-carrier) interaction effects for any measures of gait or balance.ConclusionsAlthough we found expected impairments in gait and balance in PD compared to OA, gait and balance characteristics did not differ between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either group. While APOE status did not impact gait and balance in this cross-sectional study, future work is needed to determine whether progression of gait and balance deficits is faster in PD APOE Ɛ4 carriers.

KW - APOE

KW - Balance

KW - Gait

KW - Older adults

KW - Parkinson's disease

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85159926822&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100201

DO - 10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100201

M3 - Article

C2 - 37252677

SN - 2590-1125

VL - 9

JO - Clinical Parkinsonism and Related Disorders

JF - Clinical Parkinsonism and Related Disorders

M1 - 100201

ER -

Gait and Balance in Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 allele carriers in older adults and Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Keywords

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