@misc{f9b723cc9ec94e879dbcb9d4f3482cf7,
title = "Gender Equality in Abrahamic Circumcision: Why or Why Not?",
abstract = "This issue emerges more than 40 years after the initiation of zero-tolerance global campaigns to end all forms of female genital cutting (FGC). The practice of cutting female genitalia without medical necessity is commonly referred to as {\textquoteleft}female genital cutting{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteleft}female genital mutilation{\textquoteright} and/or {\textquoteleft}female circumcision{\textquoteright}. Sometimes, the term {\textquoteleft}girl circumcision{\textquoteright} is used in order to make a distinction between the childhood and adulthood genital cutting of females. The practice is commonly categorised into four types by the World Health Organization: type I – cutting of the outer clitoris; type II – the partial or total removal of the outer clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora; type III/infibulation – narrowing the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal, with or without removal of the outer clitoris; and type IV – all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical reasons. A body of research from a range of fields shows that in contemporary hegemonic public discourse, the acceptable way of talking about, interpreting and comprehending the practice is through a framework of condemnation (Hauge, 2012; Shell-Duncan et al, 2016; Hodzic, 2017; Lunde, 2020).",
author = "{Bergom Lunde}, Ingvild and Johnson, {Matthew Thomas} and Shweder, {Richard A.} and {Sia Ahmadu}, Fuambai and Tatu Kamau and Earp, {Brian D.} and Jacobs, {Allan J.} and {Londo{\~n}o Sulkin}, {Carlos David} and Rozin, {Seth B.} and Padela, {Aasim I.} and Br{\'i}d Hehir and Juliet Rogers and Rosman, {Michael E.} and Bettina Shell-Duncan and Ellen Gruenbaum and Ahmed, {Samira A.} and Cohen, {Shaye J. D.}",
year = "2022",
month = feb,
day = "1",
language = "English",
volume = "12",
pages = "1--244",
journal = "Global Discourse",
issn = "2326-9995",
publisher = "Bristol University Press",
address = "United Kingdom",
}