Glossary for Research on Human Crowd Dynamics - 2nd Edition

Juliane Adrian; Martyn Amos; Cécile Appert-Rolland; Mitra Baratchi; Nikolai Bode; Maik Boltes; Thomas Chatagnon; Mohcine Chraibi; Alessandro Corbetta; Arturo Cuesta; Guillaume Dezecache; John Drury; Iñaki Echeverría-Huarte; Sina Feldmann; Claudio Feliciani; Lazaros Filippidis; Zhi-Jian Fu; Paul Geoerg; Roland Geraerts; Rhea Haddad; Milad Haghani; Gesine Hofinger; Nick Hopkins; Pavel Hrabák; Aoife Hunt; Xiaolu Jia; Max Kinateder; Angelika Kneidl; Krisztina Konya; Gerta Köster; Laura Künzer; Mira Küpper; Peter Lawrence; Ruggiero Lovreglio; Jian Ma; Fergus Neville; Alexandre Nicolas; Katsuhiro Nishinari; Evangelos Ntontis; Anne-Hélène Olivier; Daniel Parisi; Julien Pettré; Tom Postmes; Kalaga Ramachandra Rao; Enrico Ronchi; Andreas Schadschneider; Jette Schumann; Sebastián Seriani; Armin Seyfried; Anna Sieben; Michael Spearpoint; Gavin Brent Sullivan; Anne Templeton; Peter Thompson; Akiyasu Tomoeda; Antoine Tordeux; Claudia Totzeck; Ezel Üsten; Natalie Van der Wal; Ashish Verma; Nanda Wijermans; Zeynep Yücel; Francesco Zanlungo; Jun Zhang; Iker Zuriguel

doi:10.17815/CD.2025.189

Glossary for Research on Human Crowd Dynamics - 2nd Edition

Juliane Adrian, Martyn Amos, Cécile Appert-Rolland, Mitra Baratchi, Nikolai Bode, Maik Boltes, Thomas Chatagnon, Mohcine Chraibi, Alessandro Corbetta, Arturo Cuesta, Guillaume Dezecache, John Drury, Iñaki Echeverría-Huarte, Sina Feldmann, Claudio Feliciani, Lazaros Filippidis, Zhi-Jian Fu, Paul Geoerg, Roland Geraerts, Rhea HaddadMilad Haghani, Gesine Hofinger, Nick Hopkins, Pavel Hrabák, Aoife Hunt, Xiaolu Jia, Max Kinateder, Angelika Kneidl, Krisztina Konya, Gerta Köster, Laura Künzer, Mira Küpper, Peter Lawrence, Ruggiero Lovreglio, Jian Ma, Fergus Neville, Alexandre Nicolas, Katsuhiro Nishinari, Evangelos Ntontis, Anne-Hélène Olivier, Daniel Parisi, Julien Pettré, Tom Postmes, Kalaga Ramachandra Rao, Enrico Ronchi, Andreas Schadschneider, Jette Schumann, Sebastián Seriani, Armin Seyfried, Anna Sieben, Michael Spearpoint, Gavin Brent Sullivan, Anne Templeton, Peter Thompson, Akiyasu Tomoeda, Antoine Tordeux, Claudia Totzeck, Ezel Üsten, Natalie Van der Wal, Ashish Verma, Nanda Wijermans, Zeynep Yücel, Francesco Zanlungo, Jun Zhang, Iker Zuriguel

EE Faculty Management and Administration

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Pedestrian and crowd dynamics involves multiple disciplines, including computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, bio-mechanics, psychology, social science and more. For effective collaboration between disciplines, researchers need a common understanding of key concepts. To address this challenge, A Glossary for Human and Crowd Dynamics was published six years ago, providing researchers with a valuable reference for cross-disciplinary communication.

We now present the second version, which includes 53 new concepts and 12 revisions from the first glossary, collaboratively developed by 65 contributors from various disciplines and regions around the world through a multi-stage process. This process involved identifying new concepts not covered in the first glossary and suggesting revisions to existing entries, voting on proposed additions and modifications, writing definitions for the selected concepts, and collaboratively revising and editing the entries.

By introducing new terms and refining existing definitions, this glossary aims to facilitate clearer communication, improve conceptual consistency, and support collaboration among researchers working within the field of human and crowd dynamics from diverse perspectives.

Original language	English
Article number	A189
Pages (from-to)	1-32
Number of pages	32
Journal	Collective Dynamics
Volume	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.17815/CD.2025.189
Publication status	Published - 19 May 2025

Keywords

Anticipation
Behaviour
Behavioural repertoire
Behavioural uncertainty
Behaviour (Collective)
Behaviour (Operational/Tactical/Strategic)
Behaviour (Rational)
Behaviour (Non-rational)
Behaviour (Irrational)
Behaviour detection
Pushing behaviour
Bottleneck
Cognition
Cognitive maps
Competitiveness
Crush
Crowd composition
Crowd incident
Crowding
Density
Distance
Egress
Egressibility
Emergent phenomena
Evacuation
Evacuation guidance
Experiment
Falling
Falls
Field study
Flow
Flow rate
Fundamental diagram
Gait analysis
Gathering (Crowd/Mass/Religious)
Group
Groupthink
In-group
Social group
Prototypical group member
Headway
Ingress
Interaction
Leader
Level of service
Model (Hybrid)
Model (Machine learning)
Movement direction
Heading
Motivation
Navigation
Objective
Target
Purpose
Goal
Panic
Pedestrian
People counting
Perception
Risk perception
Personal space
Response time
Single-file
Single-file motion
Stampede
Trajectory
Velocity
Observed velocity
Free velocity
Desired velocity
Waiting
Zipper effect

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Cite this

Adrian, J., Amos, M., Appert-Rolland, C., Baratchi, M., Bode, N., Boltes, M., Chatagnon, T., Chraibi, M., Corbetta, A., Cuesta, A., Dezecache, G., Drury, J., Echeverría-Huarte, I., Feldmann, S., Feliciani, C., Filippidis, L., Fu, Z.-J., Geoerg, P., Geraerts, R., ... Zuriguel, I. (2025). Glossary for Research on Human Crowd Dynamics - 2nd Edition. Collective Dynamics, 10, 1-32. Article A189. https://doi.org/10.17815/CD.2025.189

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title = "Glossary for Research on Human Crowd Dynamics - 2nd Edition",

abstract = "Pedestrian and crowd dynamics involves multiple disciplines, including computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, bio-mechanics, psychology, social science and more. For effective collaboration between disciplines, researchers need a common understanding of key concepts. To address this challenge, A Glossary for Human and Crowd Dynamics was published six years ago, providing researchers with a valuable reference for cross-disciplinary communication.We now present the second version, which includes 53 new concepts and 12 revisions from the first glossary, collaboratively developed by 65 contributors from various disciplines and regions around the world through a multi-stage process. This process involved identifying new concepts not covered in the first glossary and suggesting revisions to existing entries, voting on proposed additions and modifications, writing definitions for the selected concepts, and collaboratively revising and editing the entries.By introducing new terms and refining existing definitions, this glossary aims to facilitate clearer communication, improve conceptual consistency, and support collaboration among researchers working within the field of human and crowd dynamics from diverse perspectives.",

keywords = "Anticipation, Behaviour, Behavioural repertoire, Behavioural uncertainty, Behaviour (Collective), Behaviour (Operational/Tactical/Strategic), Behaviour (Rational), Behaviour (Non-rational), Behaviour (Irrational), Behaviour detection, Pushing behaviour, Bottleneck, Cognition, Cognitive maps, Competitiveness, Crush, Crowd composition, Crowd incident, Crowding, Density, Distance, Egress, Egressibility, Emergent phenomena, Evacuation, Evacuation guidance, Experiment, Falling, Falls, Field study, Flow, Flow rate, Fundamental diagram, Gait analysis, Gathering (Crowd/Mass/Religious), Group, Groupthink, In-group, Social group, Prototypical group member, Headway, Ingress, Interaction, Leader, Level of service, Model (Hybrid), Model (Machine learning), Movement direction, Heading, Motivation, Navigation, Objective, Target, Purpose, Goal, Panic, Pedestrian, People counting, Perception, Risk perception, Personal space, Response time, Single-file, Single-file motion, Stampede, Trajectory, Velocity, Observed velocity, Free velocity, Desired velocity, Waiting, Zipper effect",

author = "Juliane Adrian and Martyn Amos and C{\'e}cile Appert-Rolland and Mitra Baratchi and Nikolai Bode and Maik Boltes and Thomas Chatagnon and Mohcine Chraibi and Alessandro Corbetta and Arturo Cuesta and Guillaume Dezecache and John Drury and I{\~n}aki Echeverr{\'i}a-Huarte and Sina Feldmann and Claudio Feliciani and Lazaros Filippidis and Zhi-Jian Fu and Paul Geoerg and Roland Geraerts and Rhea Haddad and Milad Haghani and Gesine Hofinger and Nick Hopkins and Pavel Hrab{\'a}k and Aoife Hunt and Xiaolu Jia and Max Kinateder and Angelika Kneidl and Krisztina Konya and Gerta K{\"o}ster and Laura K{\"u}nzer and Mira K{\"u}pper and Peter Lawrence and Ruggiero Lovreglio and Jian Ma and Fergus Neville and Alexandre Nicolas and Katsuhiro Nishinari and Evangelos Ntontis and Anne-H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Olivier and Daniel Parisi and Julien Pettr{\'e} and Tom Postmes and {Ramachandra Rao}, Kalaga and Enrico Ronchi and Andreas Schadschneider and Jette Schumann and Sebasti{\'a}n Seriani and Armin Seyfried and Anna Sieben and Michael Spearpoint and Sullivan, {Gavin Brent} and Anne Templeton and Peter Thompson and Akiyasu Tomoeda and Antoine Tordeux and Claudia Totzeck and Ezel {\"U}sten and {Van der Wal}, Natalie and Ashish Verma and Nanda Wijermans and Zeynep Y{\"u}cel and Francesco Zanlungo and Jun Zhang and Iker Zuriguel",

year = "2025",

month = may,

day = "19",

doi = "10.17815/CD.2025.189",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "1--32",

journal = "Collective Dynamics",

issn = "2366-8539",

}

Adrian, J, Amos, M, Appert-Rolland, C, Baratchi, M, Bode, N, Boltes, M, Chatagnon, T, Chraibi, M, Corbetta, A, Cuesta, A, Dezecache, G, Drury, J, Echeverría-Huarte, I, Feldmann, S, Feliciani, C, Filippidis, L, Fu, Z-J, Geoerg, P, Geraerts, R, Haddad, R, Haghani, M, Hofinger, G, Hopkins, N, Hrabák, P, Hunt, A, Jia, X, Kinateder, M, Kneidl, A, Konya, K, Köster, G, Künzer, L, Küpper, M, Lawrence, P, Lovreglio, R, Ma, J, Neville, F, Nicolas, A, Nishinari, K, Ntontis, E, Olivier, A-H, Parisi, D, Pettré, J, Postmes, T, Ramachandra Rao, K, Ronchi, E, Schadschneider, A, Schumann, J, Seriani, S, Seyfried, A, Sieben, A, Spearpoint, M, Sullivan, GB, Templeton, A, Thompson, P, Tomoeda, A, Tordeux, A, Totzeck, C, Üsten, E, Van der Wal, N, Verma, A, Wijermans, N, Yücel, Z, Zanlungo, F, Zhang, J & Zuriguel, I 2025, 'Glossary for Research on Human Crowd Dynamics - 2nd Edition', Collective Dynamics, vol. 10, A189, pp. 1-32. https://doi.org/10.17815/CD.2025.189

TY - JOUR

T1 - Glossary for Research on Human Crowd Dynamics - 2nd Edition

AU - Adrian, Juliane

AU - Amos, Martyn

AU - Appert-Rolland, Cécile

AU - Baratchi, Mitra

AU - Bode, Nikolai

AU - Boltes, Maik

AU - Chatagnon, Thomas

AU - Chraibi, Mohcine

AU - Corbetta, Alessandro

AU - Cuesta, Arturo

AU - Dezecache, Guillaume

AU - Drury, John

AU - Echeverría-Huarte, Iñaki

AU - Feldmann, Sina

AU - Feliciani, Claudio

AU - Filippidis, Lazaros

AU - Fu, Zhi-Jian

AU - Geoerg, Paul

AU - Geraerts, Roland

AU - Haddad, Rhea

AU - Haghani, Milad

AU - Hofinger, Gesine

AU - Hopkins, Nick

AU - Hrabák, Pavel

AU - Hunt, Aoife

AU - Jia, Xiaolu

AU - Kinateder, Max

AU - Kneidl, Angelika

AU - Konya, Krisztina

AU - Köster, Gerta

AU - Künzer, Laura

AU - Küpper, Mira

AU - Lawrence, Peter

AU - Lovreglio, Ruggiero

AU - Ma, Jian

AU - Neville, Fergus

AU - Nicolas, Alexandre

AU - Nishinari, Katsuhiro

AU - Ntontis, Evangelos

AU - Olivier, Anne-Hélène

AU - Parisi, Daniel

AU - Pettré, Julien

AU - Postmes, Tom

AU - Ramachandra Rao, Kalaga

AU - Ronchi, Enrico

AU - Schadschneider, Andreas

AU - Schumann, Jette

AU - Seriani, Sebastián

AU - Seyfried, Armin

AU - Sieben, Anna

AU - Spearpoint, Michael

AU - Sullivan, Gavin Brent

AU - Templeton, Anne

AU - Thompson, Peter

AU - Tomoeda, Akiyasu

AU - Tordeux, Antoine

AU - Totzeck, Claudia

AU - Üsten, Ezel

AU - Van der Wal, Natalie

AU - Verma, Ashish

AU - Wijermans, Nanda

AU - Yücel, Zeynep

AU - Zanlungo, Francesco

AU - Zhang, Jun

AU - Zuriguel, Iker

PY - 2025/5/19

Y1 - 2025/5/19

N2 - Pedestrian and crowd dynamics involves multiple disciplines, including computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, bio-mechanics, psychology, social science and more. For effective collaboration between disciplines, researchers need a common understanding of key concepts. To address this challenge, A Glossary for Human and Crowd Dynamics was published six years ago, providing researchers with a valuable reference for cross-disciplinary communication.We now present the second version, which includes 53 new concepts and 12 revisions from the first glossary, collaboratively developed by 65 contributors from various disciplines and regions around the world through a multi-stage process. This process involved identifying new concepts not covered in the first glossary and suggesting revisions to existing entries, voting on proposed additions and modifications, writing definitions for the selected concepts, and collaboratively revising and editing the entries.By introducing new terms and refining existing definitions, this glossary aims to facilitate clearer communication, improve conceptual consistency, and support collaboration among researchers working within the field of human and crowd dynamics from diverse perspectives.

AB - Pedestrian and crowd dynamics involves multiple disciplines, including computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, bio-mechanics, psychology, social science and more. For effective collaboration between disciplines, researchers need a common understanding of key concepts. To address this challenge, A Glossary for Human and Crowd Dynamics was published six years ago, providing researchers with a valuable reference for cross-disciplinary communication.We now present the second version, which includes 53 new concepts and 12 revisions from the first glossary, collaboratively developed by 65 contributors from various disciplines and regions around the world through a multi-stage process. This process involved identifying new concepts not covered in the first glossary and suggesting revisions to existing entries, voting on proposed additions and modifications, writing definitions for the selected concepts, and collaboratively revising and editing the entries.By introducing new terms and refining existing definitions, this glossary aims to facilitate clearer communication, improve conceptual consistency, and support collaboration among researchers working within the field of human and crowd dynamics from diverse perspectives.

KW - Anticipation

KW - Behaviour

KW - Behavioural repertoire

KW - Behavioural uncertainty

KW - Behaviour (Collective)

KW - Behaviour (Operational/Tactical/Strategic)

KW - Behaviour (Rational)

KW - Behaviour (Non-rational)

KW - Behaviour (Irrational)

KW - Behaviour detection

KW - Pushing behaviour

KW - Bottleneck

KW - Cognition

KW - Cognitive maps

KW - Competitiveness

KW - Crush

KW - Crowd composition

KW - Crowd incident

KW - Crowding

KW - Density

KW - Distance

KW - Egress

KW - Egressibility

KW - Emergent phenomena

KW - Evacuation

KW - Evacuation guidance

KW - Experiment

KW - Falling

KW - Falls

KW - Field study

KW - Flow

KW - Flow rate

KW - Fundamental diagram

KW - Gait analysis

KW - Gathering (Crowd/Mass/Religious)

KW - Group

KW - Groupthink

KW - In-group

KW - Social group

KW - Prototypical group member

KW - Headway

KW - Ingress

KW - Interaction

KW - Leader

KW - Level of service

KW - Model (Hybrid)

KW - Model (Machine learning)

KW - Movement direction

KW - Heading

KW - Motivation

KW - Navigation

KW - Objective

KW - Target

KW - Purpose

KW - Goal

KW - Panic

KW - Pedestrian

KW - People counting

KW - Perception

KW - Risk perception

KW - Personal space

KW - Response time

KW - Single-file

KW - Single-file motion

KW - Stampede

KW - Trajectory

KW - Velocity

KW - Observed velocity

KW - Free velocity

KW - Desired velocity

KW - Waiting

KW - Zipper effect

U2 - 10.17815/CD.2025.189

DO - 10.17815/CD.2025.189

M3 - Article

SN - 2366-8539

VL - 10

SP - 1

EP - 32

JO - Collective Dynamics

JF - Collective Dynamics

M1 - A189

ER -