Highly precision carbon dioxide acoustic wave sensor with minimized humidity interference

Extensive applications of carbon dioxide (CO2) in various fields, such as food industry, agricultural production, medical and pharmacological industries, have caused a great demand for high-performance CO2 sensors. However, most existing CO2 sensors suffer from poor performance in a wet environment and often cannot work accurately in a high humidity condition. In this study, a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) coated with a uniform layer of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is proposed to detect both the concentrations of CO2 and water molecules simultaneously, which can be used to significantly minimize the humidity interference. Unlike the other common gas sensors, the RGO-based CO2 QCR sensor can be operated in different humidity levels and the concentration of CO2 can be quantified precisely and effectively. Moreover, it has a fast response (~0.4 s), which is also suitable for respiration monitoring. Our results showed that before and after a volunteer did a low-intensity exercise, the sensor could detect the differences of concentrations of CO2 in the exhaled breath (i.e., 4.50% and 5.15%, respectively).