Investigating the Performance of Graded Index Nanocomposite-Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract: This study presents a novel four-layer solar cell design, composed of NiO_x embedded in glass on top of a perovskite layer and SnO₂ substrate. Incident light enters through the glass layer and exits through the substrate into the surrounding air. A novel graded index of the composite layer is proposed where the refractive index varies with the vertical distance from the glass interface. Using the Maple program, we calculate the transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance powers of the proposed solar cells, while examining the influence of different parameters on these powers. Our findings indicate that the transmittance, reflection, and absorption powers are sensitive to changes in layer thickness. Specifically, we observe that the absorbance power approaches unity for longer wavelengths while remaining above 0.7 for shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, we propose integrating this cell into a tandem solar cell configuration, where it can complement another cell by providing support in longer wavelengths and high absorbance in shorter wavelengths.