Large-Scale Giant Architectonic Electrodes Designated with Complex Geometrics and Super Topographic Surfaces for Fully Cycled Dynamic LIB Modules

Given exceptional specific discharge capacity, excellent energy density, high rate capability, fast charge capacity, and long-term cycling stability, large-scale giant porous complex super-architectonics (GPS) integrated into anode/cathode complex geometrics improve the full-model lithium ion batteries (LIBs). We examine the integration of a series of anode and cathode (GPS) super-architectonics into half- and full-cell LIB models to allow non-prescriptive charge/discharge cycles, and to achieve spatial rate performance capabilities. As a distinguishable GPS model, the super-architectonics included multi-directional orientation geometrics, building-blocks egress/ingress pathways, and giant loophole-on-surface topographies of ripples, irregular bumps, undulations, and anticlines offer a set of fully functional multi-axial/dimension GPS cathode- and anode-electrode geometrics and multi-gate-in-transports of electron/Li+ ions in diverse pathways. Our precisely defined GPS-modulated LIB models generate high-power and volumetric-energy density, excellent long-term cycling durability without deterioration in its capacity under a high energy density, and a comparable high tap density. GPS-integrated LIB modules provide superior durability (i.e., maintaining high specific capacity ∼77.5% within long-term life period of 2000 cycles) and average Coulombic efficacy of ∼99.6% at 1 C. Powerful and robust super-architectonic GPS building-blocks-in full-scale LIB designs offer outstanding specific energy density of ≈179 Wh kg–1 for a future market of LIB-EVs with longest driving range. The key leap super-surface topographies of LIB-GPS modules are critical in creating ever-changing charge/discharge cycle, “fully cycled dynamics,” affordable on-/off-site storage, and super-large door-in transport of Li+-ion/electron, thereby highlighting its promising storage modules and rechargeable lithium batteries.