Lean Six Sigma competency frameworks: evaluating the competencies required for the Lean Six Sigma Black Belt

Purpose – This study aims to describe, synthesize and integrate current Lean Six Sigma competence frameworks to provide a structured metamodel that improves comparability, credibility and application among certification programs. This research rigorously analyzes existing frameworks and aligns them with contemporary competency classification systems to support standardization and adaptation to current industry requirements in the absence of a globally agreed standard. 

Design/methodology/approach – A strategic literature review identified 27 pertinent competency models, succeeded by a three-round Delphi study with 15 certified Lean Six Sigma Black Belts (LSSBBs). The Delphi study helped us reach expert consensus on the essential competencies and their required proficiency levels, and then position them within the European Qualifications Framework and the Dublin Descriptors. Qualitative data further strengthened the framework's empirical foundation and practical applicability. In particular, participants who finished a competency-based Lean Six Sigma Black Belt exam provided input and more than 200 usable responses were collected. 

Findings – The findings show that there is a substantial agreement on technical skills like DMAIC, statistical methodologies, and problem-solving. However, there are differences in leadership, experimentation, and belt structures. Practitioner feedback indicated that competence-based evaluations are perceived as more authentic and demanding than multiple-choice tests. The final framework combines technical, methodological and behavioral abilities and has been tested in literature, by experts and by practitioners. 

Originality/value – This research advances Lean Six Sigma competency management by explicitly framing the Black Belt role through educational competency frameworks, bridging the gap between education, certification and organizational excellence.