Modeling of an energy harvesting hybrid radio frequency optical wireless sensor network

Sixth-generation (6G) wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting will foster the creation of smart environments that prioritize efficiency, safety, and user-centric functionality while enabling scalable, sustainable, and autonomous networking. This paper presents a hybrid architecture that leverages visible light communication and radio-frequency transceivers for the downlink and uplink, respectively, providing seamless wireless connectivity. This approach not only alleviates radio spectrum congestion by offloading data traffic to the optical channel but also improves energy efficiency by reusing illumination light for communication purposes. We provide an open-source Python module capable of simulating key aspects, including the physical and medium access control layers as well as energy harvesting. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of self-sustaining wireless sensor nodes for a wide range of indoor scenarios, aligning with the 6G objectives of energy-efficient, low-powered, and environmentally sustainable systems.