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Multiheight Identification of Sausage and Fluting Eigenmodes in a Solar Pore

Shahin Jafarzadeh*, David B. Jess, Marco Stangalini, Luiz A.C.A. Schiavo, Timothy J. Duckenfield, Suzana S. A. Silva, Gary Verth, Viktor Fedun, Sami K. Solanki, H. N. Smitha, Andreas Lagg, Achim Gandorfer, Alex Feller, Francisco A. Iglesias, Tino L. Riethmüller, Bianca Grauf, Johannes Hoelken, Yukio Katsukawa, Pietro Bernasconi, Thomas BerkefeldAlberto Álvarez-Herrero, Masahito Kubo, David Orozco Suárez, Michael Carpenter, Alexander Bell, Valentín Martínez Pillet, Francisco Javier Bailén, Julian Blanco Rodríguez, Juan Sebastián Castellanos Durán, Edvarda Harnes, Ryohtaroh T. Ishikawa, Yusuke Kawabata, Takuma Matsumoto, Takayoshi Oba, Azaymi L. Siu-Tapia, Hanna Strecker, Dušan Vukadinović

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)
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Abstract

Magnetic pores are compact, strongly magnetized waveguides in the lower solar atmosphere and therefore provide favorable conditions for identifying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes. Earlier seeing-free observations revealed concurrent sausage, kink, and fluting modes in photospheric pores, but only at a single sampled layer. In this letter, we exploit the dense spectral sampling of the near-ultraviolet 327–329 nm window observed by the Sunrise-iii UV Spectropolarimeter and Imager (SUSI) to investigate how pore wave modes behave across multiple photospheric and low-chromospheric heights spanning roughly 500 km. We analyze ∼75 min of a Sunrise-iii/SUSI time series containing a small solar pore. From eight selected spectral lines sampling different estimated formation heights, we identify the pore boundary at each line and time step and apply proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to the boundary oscillations. In all eight lines, the first POD mode is consistently identified as an axisymmetric sausage mode, with dominant power at ∼1–2 mHz, and carries the dominant normalised eigenvalue fraction, typically about 66%–86%, while the second mode is a fluting mode with azimuthal wave number m = 2, dominant at ∼2–3.5 mHz, and contributes about 4%–10%. Cross-line wavelet phase analysis of the temporal coefficients shows that the sausage mode remains close to zero phase difference across the sampled heights, consistent with standing or near-standing behaviour, whereas the fluting mode displays a modest but systematic increase in phase with height, reaching about 50°, indicative of an upward-propagating component. These observations provide the first multiheight identification and phase characterisation of sausage and fluting modes inferred from pore-boundary oscillations.

Original languageEnglish
Article numberL81
Pages (from-to)1-10
Number of pages10
JournalAstrophysical Journal Letters
Volume1005
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 10 Jul 2026

Keywords

  • Magnetohydrodynamics (1964)
  • Solar oscillations (1515)
  • The Sun (1693)

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