Nutrition and cardiometabolic health in cystic fibrosis: Emerging evidence and research gaps

Cardiometabolic risk is increasingly recognised as a significant and evolving health concern within the cystic fibrosis (CF) population. Although nutrition has long been central to CF management, its broader influence on cardiometabolic health, well established in the general population, is only beginning to be understood in the context of CF. This narrative review seeks to synthesise emerging evidence and highlight the key research gaps relating to the role of nutrition in moderating cardiometabolic risk among people with CF (pwCF). Substantial gaps remain across several domains, including overweight and obesity, dysglycaemia and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota alterations and overall diet quality. Addressing these gaps is essential as pwCF live longer and encounter new health challenges. Future nutrition research must generate the robust, clinically relevant evidence needed to support clinical teams as they transition away from traditional dietary paradigms, enabling the development of updated guidance and the advancement of clinical practice toward metabolically informed, contemporary models of care.