TY - JOUR
T1 - Occurrence and co-occurrence of hallucinations by modality in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
AU - McCarthy-Jones, Simon
AU - Smailes, David
AU - Corvin, Aiden
AU - Gill, Michael
AU - Morris, Derek W.
AU - Dinan, Timothy G.
AU - Murphy, Kieran C.
AU - Anthony O′Neill, F.
AU - Waddington, John L.
AU - Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank, Schizophrenia Research Bank
AU - Donohoe, Gary
AU - Dudley, Robert
PY - 2017/6/1
Y1 - 2017/6/1
N2 - It is not only unclear why hallucinations in schizophrenia occur with different prevalence by modality, but also to what extent they do. Reliable prevalence estimates of hallucinations by modality in schizophrenia are currently lacking, particularly for non-auditory hallucinations. Studies have also tended to report lifetime, not point prevalence by modality. This study assessed the prevalence and co-occurrence of hallucinations, for both lifetime and point prevalence, across the auditory, visual, olfactory, and tactile modalities, in people diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in Ireland (N=693) and Australia (N=218). Lifetime prevalence was 64–80% auditory, 23–31% visual, 9–19% tactile, and 6–10% olfactory. Past month prevalence was 23–27% auditory, 5–8% visual, 4–7% tactile, and 2% olfactory. The majority of participants had only hallucinated in one modality, with this nearly always being the auditory. Approximately one-third had hallucinated in two modalities, most commonly the auditory and visual. Most currently hallucinating patients also hallucinated in a single modality, again, nearly always the auditory. Whereas 30–37% of patients with lifetime auditory hallucinations had experienced visual hallucinations, 83–97% of patients with experience of visual hallucinations had experienced auditory hallucinations. These findings help delineate the modality distribution of hallucinations in schizophrenia, and provide an explanatory target for theoretical models.
AB - It is not only unclear why hallucinations in schizophrenia occur with different prevalence by modality, but also to what extent they do. Reliable prevalence estimates of hallucinations by modality in schizophrenia are currently lacking, particularly for non-auditory hallucinations. Studies have also tended to report lifetime, not point prevalence by modality. This study assessed the prevalence and co-occurrence of hallucinations, for both lifetime and point prevalence, across the auditory, visual, olfactory, and tactile modalities, in people diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in Ireland (N=693) and Australia (N=218). Lifetime prevalence was 64–80% auditory, 23–31% visual, 9–19% tactile, and 6–10% olfactory. Past month prevalence was 23–27% auditory, 5–8% visual, 4–7% tactile, and 2% olfactory. The majority of participants had only hallucinated in one modality, with this nearly always being the auditory. Approximately one-third had hallucinated in two modalities, most commonly the auditory and visual. Most currently hallucinating patients also hallucinated in a single modality, again, nearly always the auditory. Whereas 30–37% of patients with lifetime auditory hallucinations had experienced visual hallucinations, 83–97% of patients with experience of visual hallucinations had experienced auditory hallucinations. These findings help delineate the modality distribution of hallucinations in schizophrenia, and provide an explanatory target for theoretical models.
KW - Auditory
KW - Olfactory
KW - Psychosis
KW - Tactile
KW - Visual
U2 - 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.102
DO - 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.102
M3 - Article
C2 - 28273630
AN - SCOPUS:85014482924
SN - 0165-1781
VL - 252
SP - 154
EP - 160
JO - Psychiatry Research
JF - Psychiatry Research
ER -