On the Scheduling of Low-Probability-of-Detection Entanglement Distribution in Smart Cities for Quantum Networks

This paper addresses covert entanglement distribution in free-space urban quantum networks, where transmissions must remain below a Low Probability of Detection (LPD) threshold while operating with small quantum memories and delay constraints. A simple frame-based scheduler is introduced that adapts duty cycle, burst size, and frame timing using quick measurements of background light and per-link success. The design balances secret-key rate with detection risk, buffer overflow, and deadlines. Basic models and bounds demonstrate how photon budgets and memory times determine safe operating points, while timeline plots make the slot-level choices easy to follow. Case studies indicate that careful scheduling can maintain covert transmissions and stable memories while still delivering applicable key rates. Thus, it yields a practical approach to covert, low-latency, and reliable entanglement distribution in smart-city settings.