TY - JOUR
T1 - Optical camera communications for iot–rolling-shutter based MIMO scheme with grouped LED array transmitter
AU - Teli, Shivani Rajendra
AU - Matus, Vicente
AU - Zvanovec, Stanislav
AU - Perez-Jimenez, Rafael
AU - Vitek, Stanislav
AU - Ghassemlooy, Zabih
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no 764461 (VisIoN).
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the European Union?s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no 764461 (VisIoN).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/6/13
Y1 - 2020/6/13
N2 - In optical camera communications (OCC), the provision of both flicker-free illumination and high data rates are challenging issues, which can be addressed by utilizing the rolling-shutter (RS) property of the image sensors as the receiver (Rx). In this paper, we propose an RS-based multiple-input multiple-output OCC scheme for the Internet of things (IoT) application. A simplified design of multi-channel transmitter (Tx) using a 7.2 × 7.2 cm2 small 8 × 8 distributed light emitting diode (LED) array, based on grouping of LEDs, is proposed for flicker-free transmission. We carry out an experimental investigation of the indoor OCC system by employing a Raspberry Pi camera as the Rx, with RS capturing mode. Despite the small area of the display, flicker-free communication links within the range of 20–100 cm are established with data throughput of 960 to 120 bps sufficient for IoT. A method to extend link spans up to 1.8 m and the data throughput to 13.44 kbps using different configurations of multi-channel Tx is provided. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of ~14 and 16 dB and the rate of successfully received bits of 99.4 and 81% are measured for the shutter speeds of 200 and 800 µs for a link span of 1 m, respectively.
AB - In optical camera communications (OCC), the provision of both flicker-free illumination and high data rates are challenging issues, which can be addressed by utilizing the rolling-shutter (RS) property of the image sensors as the receiver (Rx). In this paper, we propose an RS-based multiple-input multiple-output OCC scheme for the Internet of things (IoT) application. A simplified design of multi-channel transmitter (Tx) using a 7.2 × 7.2 cm2 small 8 × 8 distributed light emitting diode (LED) array, based on grouping of LEDs, is proposed for flicker-free transmission. We carry out an experimental investigation of the indoor OCC system by employing a Raspberry Pi camera as the Rx, with RS capturing mode. Despite the small area of the display, flicker-free communication links within the range of 20–100 cm are established with data throughput of 960 to 120 bps sufficient for IoT. A method to extend link spans up to 1.8 m and the data throughput to 13.44 kbps using different configurations of multi-channel Tx is provided. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of ~14 and 16 dB and the rate of successfully received bits of 99.4 and 81% are measured for the shutter speeds of 200 and 800 µs for a link span of 1 m, respectively.
KW - Internet of things
KW - Light-emitting diodes
KW - Multiple-input multiple-output
KW - Optical camera communications
KW - Rolling-shutter camera
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086524145&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/s20123361
DO - 10.3390/s20123361
M3 - Article
C2 - 32545751
AN - SCOPUS:85086524145
SN - 1424-8220
VL - 20
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - Sensors (Switzerland)
JF - Sensors (Switzerland)
IS - 12
M1 - 3361
ER -