TY - JOUR
T1 - PER3 gene regulation of sleep-wake behavior as a function of latitude
AU - Leocadio-Miguel, Mario Andre
AU - Carneiro, Breno Tércio
AU - Ximenes-da-Silva, Adriana
AU - Caumo, Wolnei
AU - Grassi-Kassisse, Dora
AU - Pedrazzoli, Mario
N1 - Copyright © 2018 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - OBJECTIVES: We searched for interactions between PER3 gene VNTR polymorphism, latitude, sleep duration, diurnal sleepiness, and social jetlag.DESIGN: We selected samples from 3 distinct cities along the latitudinal range of Brazil and comprising the same time zone.SETTING: Undergraduate universities located in 3 major cities of Brazil.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 980 undergraduate students: 276 from Maceio (latitude 9°), 358 from Campinas (latitude 22°), and 346 from Porto Alegre (latitude 30°).MEASUREMENTS: PER3 variable number of tandem repeats genotyping, diurnal sleepiness, sleep duration (weekdays and weekend), chronotype, and social jetlag.RESULTS: Latitude is associated with a differential expression of circadian and sleep profiles. We observed a shift toward eveningness with increased latitude and increased social jetlag and diurnal sleepiness at latitude 30°. Moreover, our results suggest that the PER3 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism has a modulatory effect on these circadian and sleep profiles: the variant PER34/4 is associated with a smaller difference in the sleep duration on weekdays among different latitudes and is associated with longer sleep duration on weekends just at latitude 30°, even when compared to both other genotypes at the same latitude. On the other hand, irrespective of the genotype, volunteers from latitude 30° expressed increased social jetlag and diurnal sleepiness.CONCLUSIONS: The seasonal variation in the light/dark cycle, tied to latitude, together with the tight social time constraints that young adults are subjected to during weekdays, generates differences in the sleep phenotypes. Volunteers with the PER34/4 variant who live farther from the equator have a greater increase in their weekend sleep duration.
AB - OBJECTIVES: We searched for interactions between PER3 gene VNTR polymorphism, latitude, sleep duration, diurnal sleepiness, and social jetlag.DESIGN: We selected samples from 3 distinct cities along the latitudinal range of Brazil and comprising the same time zone.SETTING: Undergraduate universities located in 3 major cities of Brazil.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 980 undergraduate students: 276 from Maceio (latitude 9°), 358 from Campinas (latitude 22°), and 346 from Porto Alegre (latitude 30°).MEASUREMENTS: PER3 variable number of tandem repeats genotyping, diurnal sleepiness, sleep duration (weekdays and weekend), chronotype, and social jetlag.RESULTS: Latitude is associated with a differential expression of circadian and sleep profiles. We observed a shift toward eveningness with increased latitude and increased social jetlag and diurnal sleepiness at latitude 30°. Moreover, our results suggest that the PER3 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism has a modulatory effect on these circadian and sleep profiles: the variant PER34/4 is associated with a smaller difference in the sleep duration on weekdays among different latitudes and is associated with longer sleep duration on weekends just at latitude 30°, even when compared to both other genotypes at the same latitude. On the other hand, irrespective of the genotype, volunteers from latitude 30° expressed increased social jetlag and diurnal sleepiness.CONCLUSIONS: The seasonal variation in the light/dark cycle, tied to latitude, together with the tight social time constraints that young adults are subjected to during weekdays, generates differences in the sleep phenotypes. Volunteers with the PER34/4 variant who live farther from the equator have a greater increase in their weekend sleep duration.
KW - Brazil
KW - Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/genetics
KW - Female
KW - Gene-Environment Interaction
KW - Genotype
KW - Geography
KW - Humans
KW - Jet Lag Syndrome/genetics
KW - Male
KW - Minisatellite Repeats
KW - Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
KW - Polymorphism, Genetic
KW - Sleep/genetics
KW - Students/psychology
KW - Time Factors
KW - Wakefulness/genetics
KW - Young Adult
U2 - 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.10.002
DO - 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.10.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 30442327
VL - 4
SP - 572
EP - 578
JO - Sleep Health
JF - Sleep Health
SN - 2352-7218
IS - 6
ER -