Perceptions of older South Asian and Chinese people of social activities to address loneliness

Loneliness is a public health issue. This study examines loneliness among older South Asian and Chinese adults, focussing on cultural barriers and shared risk factors. It explores perceptions of these population who face distinctive challenges exacerbated by health inequalities.

The intervention incorporated social activities delivered by a third sector organisation to mitigate loneliness among these distinct groups with different religions, migration histories and cultural practices.

Methods:
A qualitative design, featured semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 28 participants from Northeast England. Activities included exercise, bingo, educational initiatives, and local trips. Data collected over 2023-2024 thematically analysed.

Aims and objectives:
To understand older South Asian and Chinese people’s perceptions of culturally, religiously and linguistically tailored social activities designed to reduce loneliness.

Results:
Using a socio-ecological framework, four themes emerged:

coping with loneliness;

cultural relevance and belonging;

health and practical barriers shaping engagement, health benefits of social activities; and

ageing, frailty and independence concerns.

Participants reported that culturally tailored interventions reduced loneliness by improving emotional, physical and educational wellbeing. Data highlighted how culture, religion and language intersect with ageing, health and social participation.

Discussion and conclusion:
Culturally tailored activities effectively mitigated loneliness and supported positive health outcomes among older South Asian and Chinese participants. Bilingual staff significantly facilitated engagement. Findings suggest inclusive ageing policies may reduce frailty and dependency risks in these under-researched ethnic minority groups. Future research should explore specific community needs and transfer lessons to other minority ethnic ageing populations.