Persistent Dimer Emission in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials

Marc K. Etherington*, Nadzeya A. Kukhta, Heather F. Higginbotham, Andrew Danos, Aisha N. Bismillah, David R. Graves, Paul R. McGonigal, Nils Haase, Antonia Morherr, Andrei S. Batsanov, Christof Pflumm, Vandana Bhalla, Martin R. Bryce, Andrew P. Monkman

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

82 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

We expose significant changes in the emission color of carbazole-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that arise from the presence of persistent dimer states in thin films and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Direct photoexcitation of this dimer state in 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) reveals the significant influence of dimer species on the color purity of its photoluminescence and electroluminescence. The dimer species is sensitive to the sample preparation method, and its enduring presence contributes to the widely reported concentration-mediated red shift in the photoluminescence and electroluminescence of evaporated thin films. This discovery has implications on the usability of these, and similar, molecules for OLEDs and explains disparate electroluminescence spectra presented in the literature for these compounds. The dimerization-controlled changes observed in the TADF process and photoluminescence efficiency mean that careful consideration of dimer states is imperative in the design of future TADF emitters and the interpretation of previously reported studies of carbazole-based TADF materials.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)11109-11117
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Physical Chemistry C
Volume123
Issue number17
Early online date3 Apr 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2 May 2019
Externally publishedYes

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