Abstract
The Kadomstev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is a well-known modulation equation normally derived by starting with the trivial state and an appropriate dispersion relation. In this paper, it is shown that the KP equation is also the relevant modulation equation for bifurcation from periodic travelling waves when the wave action flux has a critical point. Moreover, the emergent KP equation arises in a universal form, with the coefficients determined by the components of the conservation of wave action. The theory is derived for a general class of partial differential equations generated by a Lagrangian using phase modulation. The theory extends to any space dimension and time, but the emphasis in the paper is on the case of 3+1. Motivated by light bullets and quantum vortex dynamics, the theory is illustrated by showing how defocusing NLS in 3+1 bifurcates to KP in 3+1 at criticality. The generalization to N>3 is also discussed.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 20150137 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
Volume | 471 |
Issue number | 2178 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 8 Jun 2015 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- nonlinear waves
- Lagrangian systems
- travelling waves
- wave action
- modulation