Post-operative gait analysis in total hip replacement patients— a review of current literature and meta-analysis

Gait analysis has been used to measure gait adaptations following total hip replacement (THR) for many years. In this time, advances have been made in implant technology and surgical procedure. However, gait adaptations persist after surgery. This review of seven published studies, where gait characteristics were compared between post-operative THR patients and healthy controls, had the objective of investigating current practice in gait analysis of this patient population and to determine if there is a consensus on post-operative gait changes associated with THR. Levels of methodological quality and study design were found to be variable. Meta-analyses were performed on all gait variables reported by at least three studies to determine overall Cohen's d effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals. Reductions in walking velocity (d=−0.79; CI=−1.54, −0.04), stride length (d=−1.06; CI=−1.62, −0.49) and sagittal hip range of motion (d=−1.58; CI=−2.12, −1.04) were observed. Increases in peak hip flexion (d=0.52; CI=−0.01, 1.09) and extension (d=0.54; CI=−0.10, 1.09) moments were found, although these were likely to be of less clinical significance. Reduced peak hip abduction was also observed (d=−0.58; CI=−1.09, −0.06). Future developments in THR technology and surgical methods should therefore aim to reduce the differences between patients and controls in terms of walking velocity, stride length, hip range of motion and hip abduction moments.