Quantifying the influence of snow over sea ice morphology on L-band passive microwave satellite observations in the Southern Ocean

Lu Zhou, Julienne C. Stroeve, Vishnu Nandan, R. Willatt, Shiming Xu*, Weixin Zhu, Sahra Kacimi, Stefanie Arndt, Zifan Yang

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Antarctic snow on sea ice can contain slush, snow ice, and stratified layers, complicating satellite retrieval processes for snow depth, ice thickness, and sea ice concentration. The presence of moist and brine-wetted snow alters microwave snow emissions and modifies the energy and mass balance of sea ice. This study assesses the impact of brine-wetted snow and slush layers on L-band surface brightness temperatures (TBs) by synergizing a snow stratigraphy model (SNOWPACK) driven by atmospheric reanalysis data and the RAdiative transfer model Developed for Ice and Snow in the L-band (RADIS-L) v1.0 The updated RADIS-L v1.1 further introduces parameterizations for brine-wetted snow and slush layers over Antarctic sea ice. Our findings highlight the importance of including both brine-wetted snow and slush layers in order to accurately simulate L-band brightness temperatures, laying the groundwork for improved satellite retrievals of snow depth and ice thickness using satellite sensors such as Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP). However, biases in modelled and observed L-band brightness temperatures persist, which we attribute to small-scale sea ice heterogeneity and snow stratigraphy. Given the scarcity of comprehensive in situ snow and ice data in the Southern Ocean, ramping up observational initiatives is imperative to not only provide satellite validation datasets but also improve process-level understanding that can scale up to improving the precision of satellite snow and ice thickness retrievals.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)4399-4434
Number of pages36
JournalThe Cryosphere
Volume18
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 24 Sept 2024

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