Saturn's Open-Closed Field Line Boundary: A Cassini Electron Survey at Saturn's Magnetosphere

We investigate the average configuration and structure of Saturn's magnetosphere in the nightside equatorial and high-latitude regions. Electron data from the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer's Electron Spectrometer (CAPS-ELS) is processed to produce a signal-to-noise ratio for the entire CAPS-ELS time of operation at Saturn's magnetosphere. We investigate where the signal-to-noise ratio falls below 1 to identify regions in the magnetosphere where there is a significant depletion in the electron content. In the nightside equatorial region, we use this to find that the most planetward reconnection x-line location is at 20–25 R_S downtail from the planet in the midnight to dawn sector. We also find an equatorial dawn-dusk asymmetry at a radial distance of >20 R_S, which may indicate the presence of plasma-depleted flux tubes returning to the dayside after reconnection in the tail. Furthermore, we find that the high-latitude magnetosphere is predominantly in a state of constant plasma depletion and located on open field lines. We map the region of high-latitude magnetosphere that is depleted of electrons to the polar cap to estimate the size and open flux content within the polar caps. The mean open flux content for the northern and southern polar caps are found to be 25 ± 5 and 32 ± 5 GWb, respectively. The average location of the open-closed field boundary is found at invariant colatitudes of 12.7 ± 0.6° and 14.5 ± 0.6°. The northern boundary is modulated by planetary period oscillations more than the southern boundary.