TY - JOUR
T1 - Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications – A Review
AU - Wu, Qiang
AU - Qu, Yuwei
AU - Liu, Juan
AU - Yuan, Jinhui
AU - Wan, Sheng-Peng
AU - Wu, Tao
AU - He, Xing-Dao
AU - Liu, Bin
AU - Liu, Dejun
AU - Ma, Youqiao
AU - Semenova, Yuliya
AU - Wang, Pengfei
AU - Xin, Xiangjun
AU - Farrell, Gerald
N1 - Funding information: This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province under Grant 20192ACB20031, Grant 20192ACBL21051, and Grant 20202ACBL202002; in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62065013, Grant 61665007, and Grant 61465009; and in part by the Major Discipline Academic and Technical Leaders Training Program of Jiangxi Province, China, under Grant 20172BCB22012.
PY - 2021/6/1
Y1 - 2021/6/1
N2 - A singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure consists of a short section of multimode fiber fusion-spliced between two SMS fibers. The mechanism underpinning the operation of an SMS fiber structure is multimode interference and associated self-imaging. SMS structures can be used in a variety of optical fiber systems but are most commonly used as sensors for a variety of parameters, ranging from macro-world measurands such as temperature, strain, vibration, flow rate, RI and humidity to the micro-world with measurands such as proteins, pathogens, DNA, and specific molecules. While traditional SMS structures employ a short section of standard multimode fiber, a large number of structures have been investigated and demonstrated over the last decade involving the replacement of the multimode fiber section with alternatives such as a hollow core fiber or a tapered fiber. The objective of replacing the multimode fiber has most often been to allow sensing of different measurands or to improve sensitivity. In this paper, several different categories of SMS fiber structures, including traditional SMS, modified SMS and tapered SMS fiber structures are discussed with some theoretical underpinning and reviews of a wide variety of sensing examples and recent advances. The paper then summarizes and compares the performances of a variety of sensors which have been published under a number of headings. The paper concludes by considering the challenges faced by SMS based sensing schemes in terms of their deployment in real world applications and discusses possible future developments of SMS fiber sensors.
AB - A singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure consists of a short section of multimode fiber fusion-spliced between two SMS fibers. The mechanism underpinning the operation of an SMS fiber structure is multimode interference and associated self-imaging. SMS structures can be used in a variety of optical fiber systems but are most commonly used as sensors for a variety of parameters, ranging from macro-world measurands such as temperature, strain, vibration, flow rate, RI and humidity to the micro-world with measurands such as proteins, pathogens, DNA, and specific molecules. While traditional SMS structures employ a short section of standard multimode fiber, a large number of structures have been investigated and demonstrated over the last decade involving the replacement of the multimode fiber section with alternatives such as a hollow core fiber or a tapered fiber. The objective of replacing the multimode fiber has most often been to allow sensing of different measurands or to improve sensitivity. In this paper, several different categories of SMS fiber structures, including traditional SMS, modified SMS and tapered SMS fiber structures are discussed with some theoretical underpinning and reviews of a wide variety of sensing examples and recent advances. The paper then summarizes and compares the performances of a variety of sensors which have been published under a number of headings. The paper concludes by considering the challenges faced by SMS based sensing schemes in terms of their deployment in real world applications and discusses possible future developments of SMS fiber sensors.
KW - SMS
KW - biosensor
KW - chemical sensor
KW - fiber interferometer
KW - hollow core fiber
KW - multimode interference
KW - no-core fiber
KW - small-core fiber
KW - thin-core fiber
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097200234&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3039912
DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3039912
M3 - Review article
SN - 1530-437X
VL - 21
SP - 12734
EP - 12751
JO - IEEE Sensors Journal
JF - IEEE Sensors Journal
IS - 11
M1 - 9268078
ER -