Sub-Liquid and Atmospheric Measurement Instrument To Autonomously Monitor the Biochemistry of Natural Aquatic Ecosystems

Monitoring the biochemistry of aquatic ecosystems is critical to understanding the biogeochemical cycling induced by microorganisms. They play a vital role in climate-gaseous drivers associated with natural ecosystems, such as methane emission in wetlands and peatlands; gas cycling and fixation: methane, sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen; water quality assessment and remediation; monitoring oxygen saturation due to contamination and algal proliferation; and many more. Microorganisms interact with these environments inducing diurnal and seasonal changes that have been, to date, poorly characterized. To aid with the long-term in-situ monitoring of natural aquatic ecosystems, we designed a Sub-liquid and Atmospheric Measurement (SAM) instrument. This floating platform can autonomously measure various sub-liquid and atmospheric parameters over a long time. This paper describes the design of SAM and illustrates how its long-term operation can produce critical information to complement other standard laboratory-based microbiological studies.