Successful behavioural strategies to increase physical activity and improve glucose control in adults with Type 2 diabetes

Aims
To explore which behaviour change techniques and other intervention features are associated with increased levels of physical activity and improved HbA1c in adults with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Moderator analyses were performed on a dataset of 21 behaviour change techniques and six intervention features identified in a systematic review of behavioural interventions (N = 1975 patients with Type 2 diabetes) to establish their associations with changes in physical activity and HbA1c.

Results
Four behaviour change techniques (prompt focus on past success, barrier identification/problem-solving, use of follow-up prompts and provide information on where and when to perform physical activity) had statistically significant associations with increased levels of physical activity. Prompt review of behavioural goals and provide information on where and when to perform physical activity behaviour had statistically significant associations with improved HbA1c. Pedometer use was associated with decreased levels of physical activity.

Conclusions
These data suggest that clinical care teams can optimise their consultations by incorporating specific behaviour change techniques that are associated with increased levels of physical activity and improved long-term glycaemic control.