Supervisory Energy Management for Optimised Load and Renewable Energy Control in Residential Energy Systems

Residential energy systems increasingly rely on supervisory energy management to coordinate renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems, and controllable loads. While existing studies mainly evaluate system-level performance, the operational impact of supervisory control on battery power profiles remains insufficiently explored. This paper investigates the effect of optimised load and renewable energy control on battery and grid power behaviour in a residential energy system. An optimisation-based supervisory energy management strategy is applied to coordinate load scheduling, renewable energy utilisation, and battery charging–discharging actions under realistic power and state-of-charge constraints. Battery power profiles, power ramping behaviour, and state-of-charge trajectories are analysed and compared against a conventional rule-based strategy. Simulation results show that the optimised strategy reduces battery power ramping by approximately 50%, limits peak battery power by about 25% and maintains battery operation within a narrower and safer state-of-charge range. These results demonstrate that supervisory energy management enhances converter-feasible operation and practical applicability of residential energy systems without requiring detailed modelling.