@inproceedings{013c8eca2219496d82ebab594bbd9b14,
title = "The 24hSHIMM: a continuous day and night turbulence monitor for optical communications",
abstract = "We present the 24-hour Shack-Hartmann Image Motion Monitor (24hSHIMM), the first truly continuous, 24-hour optical turbulence monitor. Atmospheric optical turbulence is a significant limitation for free-space optical communications and other technologies. Knowledge of the turbulence conditions allows for the selection of favourable sites for optical ground stations. It also enhances operations though providing data for assimilation into turbulence forecasting models and real-time monitoring of conditions. The 24hSHIMM uses a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to measure a low-resolution vertical optical turbulence profile, from which the coherence length, angle and Rytov variance are calculated. Additionally a vertical wind speed profile from meteorological forecast data is used to calculate the coherence time. Due to its portability, the instrument can operate in a wide variety of locations, even urban, to provide continuous information about the atmospheric turbulence. To demonstrate this, we show parameters recorded at the astronomical observatory in La Palma for a continuous 36-hour period. With its wide array of capabilities, the 24hSHIMM offers strong support for future research in free-space optics.",
keywords = "atmospheric optical turbulence, free-space optical communications, optical turbulence monitoring, Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, short-wave infrared",
author = "Ryan Griffiths and James Osborn and Ollie Farley and Timothy Butterley and Townson, {Matthew J.} and Richard Wilson",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/S035338/1). We thank the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrof{\'i}sica de Canarias for support during our test campaigns. RG acknowledges STFC for his studentship funding (project reference 2419794).; Free-Space Laser Communications XXXV 2023 ; Conference date: 30-01-2023 Through 01-02-2023",
year = "2023",
month = mar,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1117/12.2648789",
language = "English",
volume = "12413",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Hamid Hemmati and Robinson, {Bryan S.}",
booktitle = "Free-Space Laser Communications XXXV",
address = "United States",
}