TY - JOUR
T1 - The application of an in vitro gastrointestinal extraction to assess the oral bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from a former industrial site
AU - Lorenzi, Damien
AU - Entwistle, Jane
AU - Cave, Mark
AU - Wragg, Joanna
AU - Dean, John
PY - 2012/7/20
Y1 - 2012/7/20
N2 - The total and bioaccessible concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil from aformer industrial site was investigated. Typical total concentrations across the sampling sites ranged from 1.5 mg kg−1 for acenaphthylene up to 243 mg kg−1 for fluoranthene. The oral bioaccessibility of PAHs in soil was assessed using an in vitro gastrointestinal extraction (Fed Organic Estimation human Simulation Test, FOREhST method). The oral bioaccessibility data indicated that fluorene, phenanthrene, chrysene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene had the highest % bioaccessible fraction (based on their upper 75th percentile values being >60%) while the other PAHs had lower % bioaccessible fractions (means ranging between 35 and 59%). Significantly lower bioaccessibilities were determined for naphthalene. With respect to method validation and inter-laboratory comparison, the total and bioaccessible concentrations of benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene was compared to published data derived using the same samples. The total PAH concentrations at the site were compared with generic assessment criteria (GAC) using the residential land use scenario (with plant uptake at 6% soil organic matter). Concentrations of 7 of the PAHs investigated within the soils could lead to an unacceptable risk to human health at this site.
AB - The total and bioaccessible concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil from aformer industrial site was investigated. Typical total concentrations across the sampling sites ranged from 1.5 mg kg−1 for acenaphthylene up to 243 mg kg−1 for fluoranthene. The oral bioaccessibility of PAHs in soil was assessed using an in vitro gastrointestinal extraction (Fed Organic Estimation human Simulation Test, FOREhST method). The oral bioaccessibility data indicated that fluorene, phenanthrene, chrysene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene had the highest % bioaccessible fraction (based on their upper 75th percentile values being >60%) while the other PAHs had lower % bioaccessible fractions (means ranging between 35 and 59%). Significantly lower bioaccessibilities were determined for naphthalene. With respect to method validation and inter-laboratory comparison, the total and bioaccessible concentrations of benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene was compared to published data derived using the same samples. The total PAH concentrations at the site were compared with generic assessment criteria (GAC) using the residential land use scenario (with plant uptake at 6% soil organic matter). Concentrations of 7 of the PAHs investigated within the soils could lead to an unacceptable risk to human health at this site.
KW - In vitro gastrointestinal extraction
KW - health risk assessment
KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW - Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
U2 - 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.030
DO - 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.030
M3 - Article
SN - 0003-2670
VL - 735
SP - 54
EP - 61
JO - Analytica Chimica Acta
JF - Analytica Chimica Acta
ER -