TY - JOUR
T1 - The Impact of Sex and Performance Level on Pacing Behavior in a 24-h Ultramarathon
AU - Inoue, Allan
AU - Santos, Tony Meireles
AU - Hettinga, Florentina J.
AU - Alves, Daniel De Souza
AU - Viana, Bruno Ferreira
AU - Terra, Bruno De Souza
AU - Pires, Flávio Oliveira
PY - 2019/11/6
Y1 - 2019/11/6
N2 - Purpose: We analyzed the impact of sex, performance level and substantial speed reductions (SSR) on pacing in the VI Rio 24-h Marines Ultramarathon. This will provide insights into the importance of minimizing speed variations in relation to optimal pacing in endurance events.
Methods: Runners (30 males and 21 females), classified as high- (HP) and low-performance (LP) ran the race while having their time recorded every 400 m. The pacing was analyzed as the first 10% (initial epoch), the following 80% (intermediate epoch) and the last 10% of the race (final epoch). The time percentage spent at speeds <3.5 km·h−1 (SSR), 3.5 to 5.9 km·h−1 (walking speed), 6.0 to 8.0 km·h−1 (walk-to-running transition speed) and > 8.0 km·h−1 (running speed) was calculated.
Results: Runners showed a reverse J-shaped pacing (P < 0.001) regardless of sex and performance level, although male (P < 0.004) and HP runners (P < 0.001) have preserved a higher mean speed throughout the race. Male and HP runners spent more time at running speed (P < 0.001) and less time at SSR (P < 0.001) than female and LP runners. Total distance was inversely correlated with the number of SSR and speed CV in male (r = −0.47 and r = −0.64, respectively) and female (r = −0.61 and r = −0.47, respectively).
Conclusion: Male, HP runners showed less SSR, conserving a higher mean speed with less variation throughout the race. Results suggest that conservative pacing strategies, with lower speeds in the beginning and higher speeds toward the end, may be the most adequate for different endurance running disciplines. Results also show different competition dynamics between men and women, which warrants further exploration in ultramarathons as well as other IAAF events.
AB - Purpose: We analyzed the impact of sex, performance level and substantial speed reductions (SSR) on pacing in the VI Rio 24-h Marines Ultramarathon. This will provide insights into the importance of minimizing speed variations in relation to optimal pacing in endurance events.
Methods: Runners (30 males and 21 females), classified as high- (HP) and low-performance (LP) ran the race while having their time recorded every 400 m. The pacing was analyzed as the first 10% (initial epoch), the following 80% (intermediate epoch) and the last 10% of the race (final epoch). The time percentage spent at speeds <3.5 km·h−1 (SSR), 3.5 to 5.9 km·h−1 (walking speed), 6.0 to 8.0 km·h−1 (walk-to-running transition speed) and > 8.0 km·h−1 (running speed) was calculated.
Results: Runners showed a reverse J-shaped pacing (P < 0.001) regardless of sex and performance level, although male (P < 0.004) and HP runners (P < 0.001) have preserved a higher mean speed throughout the race. Male and HP runners spent more time at running speed (P < 0.001) and less time at SSR (P < 0.001) than female and LP runners. Total distance was inversely correlated with the number of SSR and speed CV in male (r = −0.47 and r = −0.64, respectively) and female (r = −0.61 and r = −0.47, respectively).
Conclusion: Male, HP runners showed less SSR, conserving a higher mean speed with less variation throughout the race. Results suggest that conservative pacing strategies, with lower speeds in the beginning and higher speeds toward the end, may be the most adequate for different endurance running disciplines. Results also show different competition dynamics between men and women, which warrants further exploration in ultramarathons as well as other IAAF events.
KW - marathon
KW - long distance running
KW - performance
KW - ultra-endurance
KW - competition
U2 - 10.3389/fspor.2019.00057
DO - 10.3389/fspor.2019.00057
M3 - Article
SN - 2624-9367
VL - 1
JO - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
JF - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
M1 - 57
ER -