TY - JOUR
T1 - The Short and Longer Term Impacts of Hate Crimes Experienced Directly, Indirectly, and Through the Media
AU - Paterson, Jenny
AU - Walters, Mark A.
AU - Brown, Rupert
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by a Leverhulme Trust Grant (RPG-2013-027) awarded to Rupert Brown and Mark Walters.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - A longitudinal study (N = 774) explored the short and longer term impacts of anti-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans (LGBT) hate crime experienced directly, indirectly, and through the media. In the short term, being a victim (direct) or personally knowing of a hate crime victim (indirect) was positively associated with vulnerability, emotional responses, and behavioral intentions after reading about a hate crime. Direct victims were also less empathic toward other victims and engaged in more victim-blaming. A structural equation model showed direct experiences (via personal vulnerability and empathy) and media experiences (via group-threat and victim-blaming) to be cross-sectionally associated with behavioral intentions. Media experiences also had lasting demobilizing impacts on actual behaviors, again serially mediated by group-threat and victim-blaming. The findings highlight the emotional and behavioral impacts of hate crimes on both direct victims and on the wider LGBT community. They also raise questions about media reporting of hate crimes and the role of victim-blaming. © 2018 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.
AB - A longitudinal study (N = 774) explored the short and longer term impacts of anti-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans (LGBT) hate crime experienced directly, indirectly, and through the media. In the short term, being a victim (direct) or personally knowing of a hate crime victim (indirect) was positively associated with vulnerability, emotional responses, and behavioral intentions after reading about a hate crime. Direct victims were also less empathic toward other victims and engaged in more victim-blaming. A structural equation model showed direct experiences (via personal vulnerability and empathy) and media experiences (via group-threat and victim-blaming) to be cross-sectionally associated with behavioral intentions. Media experiences also had lasting demobilizing impacts on actual behaviors, again serially mediated by group-threat and victim-blaming. The findings highlight the emotional and behavioral impacts of hate crimes on both direct victims and on the wider LGBT community. They also raise questions about media reporting of hate crimes and the role of victim-blaming. © 2018 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.
KW - discrimination
KW - emotion
KW - empathy
KW - group processes
KW - intergroup processes
KW - longitudinal methodology
KW - prejudice/stereotyping
KW - social identity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060182687&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0146167218802835
DO - 10.1177/0146167218802835
M3 - Article
SN - 0146-1672
VL - 45
SP - 994
EP - 1010
JO - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
IS - 7
ER -
